The hippocampus is a brain structure critical for memory functioning. Its network dynamics include several patterns such as sharp waves that are generated in the CA3 region. To understand how population outputs are generated, models need to consider aspects of network size, cellular and synaptic characteristics and context, which are necessarily 'balanced' in appropriate ways to produce particular outputs. Thick slice hippocampal preparations spontaneously produce sharp waves that are initiated in CA3 regions and depend on the right balance of glutamatergic activities. As a step toward developing network models that can explain important balances in the generation of hippocampal output, we develop models of CA3 pyramidal cells. Our models are single compartment in nature, use an Izhikevich-type structure and involve parameter values that are specifically designed to encompass CA3 intrinsic properties. Importantly, they incorporate spike frequency adaptation characteristics that are directly comparable to those measured experimentally. Excitatory networks using these model cells are able to produce bursting suggesting that the amount of spike frequency adaptation expressed in the biological cells is an essential contributor to network bursting, and as such, may be important for sharp wave generation. The network bursting mechanism is numerically dissected showing the critical balance between adaptation and excitatory drive. The compact nature of our models allows large network simulations to be efficiently computed. This, together with the linkage of our models to cellular characteristics, will allow us to develop an understanding of population output of CA3 hippocampus with direct biological comparisons.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10827-011-0372-6 | DOI Listing |
Anesthesiology
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.
Introduction: Accurate prognostication in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest is a challenging and high-stakes endeavor. We sought to determine whether internal EEG subparameters extracted by the Bispectral Index (BIS) monitor, a device commonly used to estimate depth-of-anesthesia intraoperatively, could be repurposed to predict recovery of consciousness after cardiac arrest.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we trained a 3-layer neural network to predict recovery of consciousness to the point of command following versus not based on 48 hours of continuous EEG recordings in 315 comatose patients admitted to a single US academic medical center after cardiac arrest (Derivation cohort: N=181; Validation cohort: N=134).
Repetitive TMS (rTMS) is a powerful neuroscientific tool with the potential to noninvasively identify brain-behavior relationships in humans. Early work suggested that certain rTMS protocols (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation enhances cognition in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Whereas conventional treatment requires daily sessions for 4-6 weeks, accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) shortens the treatment course to just 3 days, substantially improving feasibility of use in people with MCI. We conducted a Phase I safety and feasibility trial of iTBS in MCI, finding preliminary evidence of cognitive improvement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Bio Mater
January 2025
Unconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.
This study examines the relationship between chondroitin sulfate, proteinoids, and computational neuron models, with a specific emphasis on the Izhikevich neuron model. We investigate the effect of chondroitin sulfate-proteinoid complexes on the behavior and dynamics of simulated neurons. Through the use of computational simulations, we provide evidence that these biomolecular components have the power to regulate the responsiveness of neurons, the patterns of their firing, and the ability of their synapses to change within the Izhikevich architecture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrit Care Med
November 2024
Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care and Neurorehabilitation, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Salzburg, Austria.
Objectives: Although myoclonus less than or equal to 72 hours after cardiac arrest (CA) is often viewed as a single entity, there is considerable heterogeneity in its clinical and electrophysiology characteristics, and its strength of association with outcome. We reviewed definitions, electroencephalogram, and outcome of myoclonus post-CA to assess the need for consensus and the potential role of electroencephalogram for further research.
Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases.
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