Fetal alcohol syndrome represents the classic and most severe manifestation of epigenetic changes induced by exposure to alcohol during pregnancy. Often these patients develop attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. We analyzed cortical thickness in 20 children and adolescents with fetal alcohol syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (group 1), in 20 patients without fetal alcohol syndrome (group 2), and in 20 control cases. The first group revealed total cortical thickness significantly superior to those of the other two groups. In per-lobe analyses of cortical thickness, group 1 demonstrated greater cortical thickness in the frontal, occipital, and right temporal and left frontal lobes compared with the second group, and in both temporal lobes and the right frontal lobe compared with the control group. This study demonstrated greater cortical thickness in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and heavy prenatal exposure to alcohol, probably as an expression of immature or abnormal brain development.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2011.09.004DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

cortical thickness
24
fetal alcohol
16
alcohol syndrome
16
attention deficit
16
deficit hyperactivity
12
hyperactivity disorder
12
syndrome attention
8
exposure alcohol
8
demonstrated greater
8
greater cortical
8

Similar Publications

This study aims to verify the effects of prolonged ingestion of coconut oil on the adrenal glands of Mongolian gerbils. Mongolian gerbils were used as an experimental model due to the morphological similarity of the adrenal glands to those of primates. Male Mongolian gerbils, 3 months of age, were divided into three experimental groups (n=12): an intact control group, which received no treatment, a gavage control group, which received 0.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Curcumin is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule that may provide neuroprotection following central nervous system (CNS) injury. However, curcumin is hydrophobic, limiting its ability to be loaded and then released from biomaterials for neural applications. We previously developed polymers containing curcumin, and these polymers may be applied to neuronal devices or to neural injury to promote neuroprotection.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Central arterial stiffening is associated with brain white matter (WM) damage and gray matter (GM) volume loss in older adults, but little is known about this association from an adult lifespan perspective.

Purpose: To investigate the associations of central arterial stiffness with WM microstructural organization, WM lesion load, cortical thickness, and GM volume in healthy adults across the lifespan.

Study Type: This is a cross-sectional study.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Cranial defects from trauma, surgery, or congenital conditions require precise reconstruction to restore cranial vault integrity. Autogenous calvarial grafts are preferred for their histocompatibility and biomechanical properties, but their success depends on a well-developed diploic space. Although prior studies have described overall skull thickness development, less is known about how diploic thickness changes through adulthood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The cortex and cerebellum are densely connected through reciprocal input/output projections that form segregated circuits. These circuits are shown to differentially connect anterior lobules of the cerebellum to sensorimotor regions, and lobules Crus I and II to prefrontal regions. This differential connectivity pattern leads to the hypothesis that individual differences in structure should be related, especially for connected regions.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!