Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is associated with impaired sleep, and it has been postulated that this impairment may contribute to the psychopathology of this common condition. One key driver of sleep/wake cycles is the circadian system, which at the molecular level consists of a series of transcriptional feedback loops of clock genes, which in turn produce endocrine, physiological and behavioural outputs with a near 24 h periodicity. We set out to examine circadian rhythms at the behavioural, endocrine and molecular levels in ADHD. Adults with ADHD as well as age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. Circadian rhythms were measured by means of actigraphy for the determination of gross motor patterns, by self-sampling of oral mucosa for assessment of rhythmic expression of the clock genes BMAL1 and PER2, and by estimation of salivary cortisol and melatonin levels. Actigraphic analysis revealed significant diurnal and nocturnal hyperactivity in the ADHD group, as well as a significant shorter period of best fit for the locomotor circadian rhythm in ADHD. BMAL1 and PER2 showed circadian rhythmicity in controls with this being lost in the ADHD group. Cortisol rhythms were significantly phase delayed in the ADHD group. These findings indicate that adult ADHD is accompanied by significant changes in the circadian system, which in turn may lead to decreased sleep duration and quality in the condition. Further, modulation of circadian rhythms may represent a novel therapeutic avenue in the management of ADHD.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2011.149 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Sleep and circadian rhythms in delayed sleep-wake phase disorder: Phenotypic differences between patients with and without comorbid depression.
J Sleep Res
January 2025
Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder involves chronic difficulty going to bed and waking up at conventional times and often co-occurs with depression. This study compared sleep and circadian rhythms between patients with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder with depression (DSWPD-D) and without (DSWPD-ND) comorbid depression. Clinical records of 162 patients with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (70 DSWPD-D, 92 DSWPD-ND) were analysed, including a subset of 76 patients with circadian phase determined by the dim light melatonin onset.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaternal circadian rhythms during pregnancy dictate metabolic plasticity in offspring.
Cell Metab
January 2025
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Preventive Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:
Tissue-level oscillation is achieved by tissue-intrinsic clocks along with network-dependent signals originating from distal organs and organismal behavior. Yet, it remains unexplored whether maternal circadian rhythms during pregnancy influence fetal rhythms and impact long-term susceptibility to dietary challenges in offspring. Here, we demonstrate that circadian disruption during pregnancy decreased placental and neonatal weight yet retained transcriptional and structural maturation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInterleukin-17 and fat: Timing is everything.
Immunity
January 2025
Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Electronic address:
Interleukin-17 plays a major role in controlling adipose tissue homeostasis. In a recent study published in Nature, Douglas et al. demonstrate that time-of-day-dependent expression of interleukin-17 by tissue-resident innate lymphocytes in the adipose tissue drives circadian regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis and function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStructural analysis of socioeconomic factors and school jet lag in traumatic dental injury among children.
Braz Oral Res
January 2025
Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - UEPB, School of Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
The objective of this study was to analyze the directions by which school jet lag is associated with traumatic dental injury in children, evaluating direct and indirect effects of socioeconomic factors and sleep. A representative, population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 schoolchildren eight to ten years of age. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and the Circadian Energy Scale.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRelationship between nocturnal blood pressure dip and β-parapapillary atrophy zone choroidal vessel density in normal-tension glaucoma patients.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Purpose: To investigate the relationship between nocturnal blood pressure (BP) dip and parapapillary choroidal vessel density (pCVD) in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).
Methods: This study analyzed 267 eyes of 267 untreated NTG patients who underwent 24-hour (h) intraocular pressure (IOP) and ambulatory BP monitoring in the habitual position. Patients were classified into 3 groups [non-dippers (nocturnal BP dip < 10%), dippers (nocturnal BP dip between 10% and 20%, and over-dippers (nocturnal BP dip > 20%)], and pCVDs were measured by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!