Sponges are sessile filter feeders that have developed efficient defense mechanisms against foreign invaders such as viruses, bacteria or eukaryotic organisms. Antimicrobial peptides are known as major components of the innate immune defense system in marine invertebrates. The aim of the present work was to study the antimicrobial properties of the Indian sponge Clathria indica with special reference to the identification of antimicrobial peptides. Crude methanolic extract and its chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous fractions were tested against 16 human pathogens which include eleven bacteria with four of them being multidrug resistant and five pathogenic fungi. All fractions showed effective antibacterial activity against common and multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi and antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. neoformans. However, they were ineffective against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Chloroform fraction being the most potent among the fractions tested on chemical investigation was indicative of the presence of peptides as evidenced by ninhydrin positive spots on TLC and presence of peptide bonds by NMR. Its ESI-MS showed presence of several peptides in the range of m/z 850 to 980. Structure of three peptides has been tentatively assigned by ESI-MS/MS or tandem mass analysis, on the basis of the amino acid sequence established. The results clearly show that the sponge C. indica represent an interesting source of marine invertebrates-derived antimicrobial peptides in the development of new strategies to treat various infectious diseases.
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BMC Vet Res
January 2025
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
Animals infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae not only develop respiratory diseases, but also cause digestive diseases through the lung-gut axis mediated by the intestinal flora, and vice versa. Antimicrobial peptides are characterized by their bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, and intestinal flora-regulating properties. However, the effect of cecropin AD (CAD) against mycoplasma pneumonia remains unclear.
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MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety and NMPA Key Laboratory for Testing Technology of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. Electronic address:
Salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen that poses a significant threat to food safety. This study aims to assess the prevalence, genomic features, and colistin-resistant mechanisms of Salmonella isolates collected from 118 retail pork samples from January 2021 to January 2022 in Shanghai, China. Overall, 46 (39.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Naturae
January 2024
Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russian Federation.
The growing incidence of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens is one of the key challenges of the 21 century. The development of novel technological platforms based on single-cell analysis of antibacterial activity at the whole-microbiome level enables the transition to massive screening of antimicrobial agents with various mechanisms of action. The microbiome of wild animals remains largely underinvestigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Opin Drug Deliv
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Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California, USA.
Introduction: Cyclic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) are gaining attention as promising candidates in advanced drug delivery systems due to their structural stability, resistance to proteolytic degradation, and versatile therapeutic potential. Their unique properties enable applications that extend beyond combating multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Their amphipathic and cell-penetrating properties allow them to efficiently transport drugs across cellular membranes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Res
January 2025
Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most harmful pathogens in the swine industry. Our previous studies demonstrated that the small extracellular domain (ECL2) of CLDN4 effectively blocks PRRSV infection. In this study, we explored the in vivo administration of swine ECL2 (sECL2) and found that it blocked HP-PRRSV infection and alleviated histopathological changes in organs.
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