Visual analogue scales (VAS) are a standard tool used to measure subjective appetite. To explore a potentially more intuitive and precise alternative, we developed a method based on pictures and assessed its performance characteristics vs. VAS. The objective was to compare the capacity of the two methods to discriminate appetite ratings between interventions. Both methods were applied within a previously published trial in which 16 healthy adults received standardised meals followed by three different ileal infusions in a balanced crossover design. At regular intervals volunteers indicated how many units of individually pictured food portions (for 10 different items) they would like to eat, and also scored six VAS. Methods were compared over different timeframes and assessed for their sensitivity to intervention effects. Pictures were more sensitive than VAS in differentiating intervention effects; however, further refinement and validation would be needed for pictures to become a standardised and accepted alternative to VAS for this type of research.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.10.016 | DOI Listing |
Osteoarthr Cartil Open
March 2025
School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
Background: Chronic low back pain is a major cause of pain and disability with limited effective therapies. Metformin is a safe, inexpensive, well-tolerated drug that has pleotropic effects, including effects on pain pathways that may influence low back pain. The aim of this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is to determine whether metformin reduces low back pain over 4 months in individuals with chronic low back pain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFiScience
January 2025
Division of Optometry, Health Sciences, City University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK.
A key property of our environment is the mirror symmetry of many objects, although symmetry is an abstract global property with no definable shape template, making symmetry identification a challenge for standard template-matching algorithms. We therefore ask whether Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) trained on typical natural environmental images develop a selectivity for symmetry similar to that of the human brain. We tested a DNN trained on such typical natural images with object-free random-dot images of 1, 2, and 4 symmetry axes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFERJ Open Res
January 2025
Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Introduction: Refractory chronic cough (RCC), persisting despite addressing contributory diagnoses, is likely underpinned by neurally mediated cough hypersensitivity. disorders are genetic neurodegenerative conditions caused by biallelic repeat expansion sequences, commonly presenting with cough, followed by neurological features including cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). The prevalence and identifying clinical characteristics of repeat-expansion disorders in patients with RCC are unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSports Med Health Sci
March 2025
Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA.
This study examined the repeated bout effect (RBE) on muscle damage markers following two bouts of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in untrained individuals. Following familiarization, participants received 45 consecutive NMES to the biceps brachii at an intensity that produced low evoked force for the elbow flexors. Muscle damage markers (maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC], elbow range of motion [ROM], muscle soreness via visual analogue scale [VAS] scores, pressure pain threshold [PPT], and muscle thickness) were measured before (PRE), after (POST), 1 day after (24 POST), and 2 days after (48 POST) NMES.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: To correlate the direct and indirect morphological uterus sonographic assessment (MUSA) features of adenomyosis with clinical symptoms severity.
Material And Methods: This observational prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care institute from April 2023 to March 2024, involving 254 women aged 18 to 45 years with a regular menstrual cycle and ultrasound-confirmed diagnosis of adenomyosis. Detailed clinicodemographic data were collected, including symptoms such as painful menses, heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), chronic pelvic pain (CPP), and bowel/bladder symptoms.
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