The Michaelis constant values for substrates of transketolase from human tissues were determined over a wide range of substrate concentrations. It is shown that K(m) values determined by other authors are significantly overestimated and explained why this is so.
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Background: Abnormal glucose metabolism in AD brains correlates with cognitive deficits. The glucose changes are consistent with brain thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. In animals, thiamine deficiency causes multiple AD-like changes including memory loss, neuron loss, brain inflammation, enhanced phosphorylation of tau, exaggerated plaque formation and elevated advanced glycation end products (AGE).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnaerobic spp. degrade sulfoquinovose via a bifurcated 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose transketolase/transaldolase pathway to both C- and C-sulfonate intermediates.
Front Microbiol
December 2024
Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Plant-produced sulfoquinovose (SQ, 6-deoxy-6-sulfoglucose) is one of the most abundant sulfur-containing compounds in nature and its bacterial degradation plays an important role in the biogeochemical sulfur and carbon cycles and in all habitats where SQ is produced and degraded, particularly in gut microbiomes. Here, we report the enrichment and characterization of a strictly anaerobic SQ-degrading bacterial consortium that produces the C-sulfonate isethionate (ISE) as the major product but also the C-sulfonate 2,3-dihydroxypropanesulfonate (DHPS), with concomitant production of acetate and hydrogen (H). In the second step, the ISE was degraded completely to hydrogen sulfide (HS) when an additional electron donor (external H) was supplied to the consortium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSTING exerts antiviral innate immune response by activating pentose phosphate pathway.
Cell Commun Signal
December 2024
School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China.
Background: The innate immune system serves as the host's first line of defense against invading pathogens. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a key component of this system, yet its relationship with glucose metabolism, particularly in antiviral immunity, remains underexplored.
Methods: Metabolomics analysis was used for detecting metabolic alterations in spleens from STING knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice.
Identification and characterization of thiamine analogs with antiplasmodial activity.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
December 2024
Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Thiamine is metabolized into thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), an essential enzyme cofactor. Previous work has shown that oxythiamine, a thiamine analog, is metabolized by thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPK) into oxythiamine pyrophosphate within the malaria parasite and then inhibits TPP-dependent enzymes, killing the parasite and . To identify a more potent antiplasmodial thiamine analog, 11 commercially available compounds were tested against and .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeciphering Proteomic Expression in Inflammatory Disorders: A Mass Spectrometry Exploration Comparing Infectious, Noninfectious, and Traumatic Brain Injuries in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid.
Neurotrauma Rep
September 2024
Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the inflammatory response of the central nervous system (CNS) to traumatic brain injury (TBI) using mass-spectrometry, comparing it to other CNS injuries and healthy controls.
- A total of 56 patients' cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analyzed, revealing significant differences in protein concentrations, with 55 proteins differing between TBI and noninfectious CNS disorders and 51 proteins differing between TBI and healthy controls.
- Notably, two proteins were uniquely identified in all TBI samples, and the study emphasizes the complexity of the inflammatory responses in various CNS conditions.
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