Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
The lateral diffusion of ionic fluorescent molecules atop polyelectrolyte brushes was adopted to probe the distribution of counterions of the polyelectrolyte brushes. With a combination of single molecule fluorescence techniques, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and single molecule fluorescence imaging, the lateral diffusion of the ionic probes (sulforhodamine B, rhodamine 6G) at the top of the model polyelectrolyte brushes with the opposite charges, poly([2-(methylacryloyloxyl)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride) (PMETAC) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), was studied with different external salt concentrations. A huge decrease of the diffusion rate of the probes was observed at salt concentrations 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than that for any detectable change of brushes thickness could be observed. The results reflect the early collapse of the top portion of the polyelectrolyte brushes and also the penetration of the probes into the brushes due to the increase of osmotic pressure by the salt level in the solution. The diffusion of the fluorescent counterion can serve as a very sensitive probe of the structure atop the polyelectrolyte brushes.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp204612u | DOI Listing |
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