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A Scoping Review of the Current Knowledge of the Social Determinants of Health and Infectious Diseases (Specifically COVID-19, Tuberculosis, and H1N1 Influenza) in Canadian Arctic Indigenous Communities.
Int J Environ Res Public Health
December 2024
Indigenous and Global Health Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, 1-126 8602 112 Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
Social determinants of health (SDHs) and the impact of colonization can make Canadian Arctic Indigenous communities susceptible to infectious diseases, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This scoping review followed the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews and studied what is known about selected pandemics (COVID-19, tuberculosis, and H1N1 influenza) and SDHs (healthcare accessibility, food insecurity, mental health, cultural continuity, housing, community infrastructure, and socioeconomic status (SES)) for Canadian Arctic Indigenous communities. Original studies published in English and French up to October 2024 were located in databases (PubMed, Medline, and CINAHL), , and through reference tracking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman naïve B cells recognize prepandemic influenza virus hemagglutinins.
Sci Immunol
January 2025
Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Understanding the naïve B cell repertoire and its specificity for potential zoonotic threats, such as the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5Nx viruses, may allow prediction of infection- or vaccine-specific responses. However, this naïve repertoire and the possibility to respond to emerging, prepandemic viruses are largely undetermined. Here, we profiled naïve B cell reactivity against a prototypical HPAI H5 hemagglutinin (HA), the major target of antibody responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects and Mechanisms of Silibinin on Influenza A/H1N1 Pathogenesis in a Mouse Model.
J Trop Med
January 2025
Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Silymarin is a polyphenolic flavonoid extracted from milk thistle. It has potent immunomodulatory effects and can inhibit the replication of influenza A virus (IAV). The present study aimed to determine the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion patterns in mice before and after silibinin treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of COVID-19 pandemic measures on hospitalizations and epidemiological patterns of twelve respiratory pathogens in children with acute respiratory infections in southern China.
BMC Infect Dis
January 2025
Department of Respiratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China.
Objectives: To investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic measures on hospitalizations and the alterations and persistence of the epidemiological patterns of 12 common respiratory pathogens in children during the COVID-19 pandemic and after the cessation of the "zero-COVID-19" policy in southern China.
Methods: Respiratory specimens were collected from hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections at Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2020 to June 2024. Twelve common respiratory pathogens were detected using multiplex PCR.
Annual epidemics of influenza result in 3-5 million cases of severe illness and more than 600 000 deaths. Severe forms of influenza are usually characterized by vascular endothelial cells damage. Thus, influenza A viruses, including subtypes A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), as well as highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, can infect the vascular endothelium, leading to activation and subsequent dysfunction of these cells.
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