AI Article Synopsis
- Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) triggers strong immune responses, leading to various diseases like food poisoning and toxic shock.
- These toxins interact with MHC class II molecules and T-cell receptors, causing extreme activation of immune cells and a surge in proinflammatory compounds.
- The review discusses the effects of staphylococcal superantigens, the mechanisms behind tissue damage, and potential treatments to reduce their harmful impact.
Article Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and related superantigenic toxins are potent stimulators of the immune system and cause a variety of diseases in humans, ranging from food poisoning to toxic shock. These toxins bind directly to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells and specific Vβ regions of T-cell receptors (TCR), resulting in hyperactivation of both monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes. Activated host cells produce massive amounts of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, activating inflammation and coagulation, causing clinical symptoms that include fever, hypotension, and shock. This review summarizes the in vitro and in vivo effects of staphylococcal superantigens, the role of pivotal mediators induced by these toxins in the pathogenic mechanisms of tissue injury, and the therapeutic agents to mitigate the toxic effects of superantigens.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3153276 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins2081963 | DOI Listing |
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