Pharmacist interventions on antibiotic use in inpatients with respiratory tract infections in a Chinese hospital.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of pharmacist interventions on antibiotic use in inpatients with respiratory tract infections in a tertiary hospital in China.

Method: Two independent respiratory wards were randomized into control and intervention group. Between July 2009 and April 2010, all inpatients diagnosed with respiratory tract infections were enrolled. Pharmacist interventions were performed on the physicians in the intervention group. The total cost of hospitalization, cost of antibiotics, length of hospital stay and the scores of 6 items of inappropriate antibiotic use (including indication, choice, dosage, dosing schedule, duration and conversion) were analyzed.

Results: The total costs of hospitalization in the intervention group were significant lower compared to the control group ($1442.3 ± 684.9 vs. $1729.6 ± 773.7, P < 0.001), as well as the cost of antibiotics ($832.0 ± 373.0 vs. $943.9 ± 412.0, P = 0.01), and the patients required shorter length of hospital stay (14.2 ± 6.2 vs. 15.8 ± 6.0 days, P = 0.03). The scores with respect to the 6 items of inappropriate antibiotic use were all lower in the intervention group than in the control group.

Conclusions: Pharmacist interventions, interacted directly with the physicians at ward level, could play an important role in optimizing antibiotic use, thus lead to the reduction in patients' length of hospital stay and health care cost.