Surgical strategy for aortic coarctation repair resulting in physiologic arm and leg blood pressures.

Objective: The goal of aortic coarctation repair is laminar aortic blood flow resulting in a negative or absent arm:leg blood pressure (BP) gradient. Despite satisfactory relief of coarctation, associated arch hypoplasia can result in residual obstruction and postoperative upper body hypertension.

Intervention: We devised a surgical strategy to create a tension-free anastomosis with a diameter as large as both the adjacent proximal and distal aorta using a radically extended end-to-end anastomosis via sternotomy and/or thoracotomy. Sternotomy is chosen when there is significant transverse arch hypoplasia defined as a distal transverse arch ≤ diameter of the left carotid artery, presence of a common brachiocephalic trunk, or coexisting intracardiac lesion requiring repair. Thoracotomy is used in all other cases.

Results: From 2000 to 2008, 95 consecutive patients were repaired using this approach, 35 with sternotomy and 60 with thoracotomy. At a mean follow-up of 50 ± 23 months, mean systolic BP was 94 ± 10 mm Hg, and 84% of patients had no residual arm:leg BP gradient. Mean arm:leg BP gradient was not statistically different between groups (-8.5 ± 15 sternotomy and -7.0 ± 10 mm Hg thoracotomy, P= .7). With Doppler echocardiography, 96% of patients demonstrated normal early diastolic reversal of blood flow in the descending thoracic aorta.

Conclusions: For aortic coarctation repair in infancy, a strategy designed to directly address aortic arch hypoplasia results in excellent intermediate-term results with normal BP, physiologic arm:leg BP relationship, and near normal descending aortic blood flow velocities by Doppler.