The threat of industrial chemical accidents and terrorist attacks requires the development of safety regulations for the cleanup of contaminated surfaces. This paper presents principles and a methodology for the development of a new toxicological parameter, "relative value unit" (RVU) as the primary decontamination standard.
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J Hazard Mater
January 2025
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China; Zhejiang-Singapore Joint Laboratory for Urban Renewal and Future City, Hangzhou 310023, China. Electronic address:
Despite growing attention to the environmental pollution caused by tire wear particles (TWPs), the effects of pristine and photoaged TWPs (P-TWPs and A-TWPs) and their TWP leachates (TWPLs; P-TWPL and A-TWPL) on key nitrogen removal processes in estuarine sediments remain unclear. This study explores the responses of the denitrification rate, anammox rate, and nitrous oxide (NO) accumulation to P-TWP, A-TWP, P-TWPL, and A-TWPL exposure in estuarine sediments, and assesses the potential biotoxic substances present in TWPLs. P-TWPs reduced the denitrification rate by 17.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTalanta
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Road, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:
Envenomation accidents are usually diagnosed at the hospital through signs and symptoms assessment such as short breath, dizziness and vomiting, numbness, swilling, bruising, or bleeding around the affected site. However, this traditional method provides inaccurate diagnosis given the interface between snakebites and scorpion stings symptoms. Therefore, early determination of bites/stings source would help healthcare professionals select the suitable treatment for patients, thus improving envenomation management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
January 2025
School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610031, China.
Chemical weathering of lithologies with high geochemical backgrounds such as black shale has been proposed to be a critical source for toxic elements in soil and water systems. However, mechanisms controlling the release, migration and enrichment of toxic elements during black shale weathering are poorly understood. This study utilized a suite of micro analytical techniques such as TESCAN integrated mineral analyzer (TIMA), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron micro-probe analysis (EMPA) to elucidate the intimate relationship between mineralogical transformations and elemental behaviors from profile scale to mineral scale.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong. Electronic address:
The broad application of various pesticides guarantees the development of agriculture all over the word but has ultimately led to their ubiquitous release into the environment as hazardous chemical residues. Diamide insecticides (DAIs) are regarded as new choice for prevention and protection of agricultural crops and city landscaping plants from the pests in more and more countries. However, their presence in fine particulate matter (PM) and associated health risks have not been studied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDisaster Med Public Health Prep
January 2025
Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Republic of Korea.
Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate the modified irritant gas syndrome agent (IGSA) criteria, utilizing readily available triage information and epidemiologic data to efficiently segregate patients based on the severity of hydrofluoric acid (HFA) exposure.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of 160 patients exposed to HFA was performed to develop the criteria and assess the criteria's efficacy, focusing on age, respiratory rate, and compliance with IGSA standards. The criteria's validity was assessed by comparing clinical outcomes between patients meeting the modified IGSA (mIGSA) criteria and those who did not as external and internal.
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