Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel series of bisintercalating DNA-binding piperazine-linked bisanthrapyrazole compounds as anticancer agents. | LitMetric
Faculty of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5.
Published: December 2011
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
A series of bisintercalating DNA binding bisanthrapyrazole compounds containing piperazine linkers were designed by molecular modeling and docking techniques. Because the anthrapyrazoles are not quinones they are unable to be reductively activated like doxorubicin and other anthracyclines and thus they should not be cardiotoxic. The concentration dependent increase in DNA melting temperature was used to determine the strength of DNA binding and the bisintercalation potential of the compounds. Compounds with more than a three-carbon linker that could span four DNA base pairs achieved bisintercalation. All of the bisanthrapyrazoles inhibited human erythroleukemic K562 cell growth in the low to submicromolar concentration range. They also strongly inhibited the decatenation activity of topoisomerase IIα and the relaxation activity of topoisomerase I. However, as measured by their ability to induce double strand breaks in plasmid DNA, the bisanthrapyrazole compounds did not act as topoisomerase IIα poisons. In conclusion, a novel group of bisanthrapyrazole compounds were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as potential anticancer agents.
A series of bisintercalating DNA binding bisanthrapyrazole compounds containing piperazine linkers were designed by molecular modeling and docking techniques. Because the anthrapyrazoles are not quinones they are unable to be reductively activated like doxorubicin and other anthracyclines and thus they should not be cardiotoxic. The concentration dependent increase in DNA melting temperature was used to determine the strength of DNA binding and the bisintercalation potential of the compounds.
A series of amide-coupled bisanthrapyrazole derivatives of 7-chloro-2-[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamino]ethyl]anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one (AP9) were designed using molecular modeling and docking and synthesized in order to develop an anticancer drug that formed a strongly binding bisintercalation complex with DNA. Concentration dependency for the increase in the DNA melting temperature was used to determine the DNA binding strength and whether bisintercalation occurred for the newly synthesized analogs. The ability of the compounds to inhibit the growth of the human erythroleukemic K562 cell line and inhibit the decatenation activity of DNA topoisomerase IIalpha was also measured.
Anticancer drugs that bind to DNA and inhibit DNA-processing enzymes represent an important class of anticancer drugs. In order to find stronger DNA binding and more potent cytotoxic compounds, a series of ester-coupled bisanthrapyrazole derivatives of 7-chloro-2-[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamino]ethyl]anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one (AP9) were designed and evaluated by molecular docking techniques. Because the anthrapyrazoles are unable to be reductively activated like doxorubicin and other anthracyclines, they should not be cardiotoxic like the anthracyclines.
