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The dynamics of initiation in caregiver-child conversational interactions.
J Child Lang
January 2025
Center for Data Science in Humanities, Institute of Humanities, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.
We investigated the dynamics of communicative initiation in infant-caregiver interactions across ages and language abilities. Analyses of 228 Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) recordings from 141 Korean adult-child dyads (60 girls; aged 7-30 months) replicated the initiator effect reported in North American populations. This effect, demonstrated by longer utterances, more frequent speech, and shorter response times in self-initiated interactions for both children and adults, suggests potential cross-cultural consistency in this conversational dynamic and remained consistent across ages in most conversational measures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression is often marked by early glomerular endothelial cell (GEC) dysfunction, including alterations in the fenestration size and number linked to impaired glomerular filtration. However, the cellular mechanisms regulating GEC fenestrations remain poorly understood due to limitations in existing models, challenges in imaging small fenestrations , and inconsistencies between and findings. This study used a logic-based protein-protein interaction network model with normalized Hill functions for dynamics to explore how glucose-mediated signaling dysregulation impacts fenestration dynamics in GECs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChanges in the copy number of large genomic regions, termed copy number variations (CNVs), contribute to important phenotypes in many organisms. CNVs are readily identified using conventional approaches when present in a large fraction of the cell population. However, CNVs that are present in only a few genomes across a population are often overlooked but important; if beneficial under specific conditions, a de novo CNV that arises in a single genome can expand during selection to create a larger population of cells with novel characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDebilitating anxiety is pervasive in the modern world. Choices to approach or avoid are common in everyday life and excessive avoidance is a cardinal feature of all anxiety disorders. Here, we used intracranial EEG to define a distributed prefrontal-limbic circuit dynamics supporting approach and avoidance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: The rat offers a uniquely valuable animal model in neuroscience, but we currently lack an individual-level understanding of the in vivo rat brain network. Here, leveraging longitudinal measures of cortical magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) from in vivo neuroimaging between postnatal days 20 (weanling) and 290 (mid-adulthood), we design and implement a computational pipeline that captures the network of structural similarity (MIND, morphometric inverse divergence) between each of 53 distinct cortical areas. We first characterized the normative development of the network in a cohort of rats undergoing typical development (N=47), and then contrasted these findings with a cohort exposed to early life stress (ELS, N=40).
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