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The art and science of research methodology, biostatistics, manuscript writing, and publication ethics: An invigorating training for improving research aptitudes in southern Indian biomedical institutions.
J Ayurveda Integr Med
June 2024
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, 560 111, Karnataka, India; Formerly, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA. Electronic address:
The basic concepts of research are learned through systematic literature searches which form the basis of a research statement and research topic. Then the research question, hypothesis, aim, and objectives, as well as the experimental design, are developed. Given the context provided, the primary focus is on the importance of adequately training postgraduates and young research investigators in research methodology and project development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPupil dilation reflects effortful action invigoration in overcoming aversive Pavlovian biases.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci
August 2024
Donders Institute for Brain, Radboud University, Cognition, and Behaviour, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, 6526 GD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
"Pavlovian" or "motivational" biases describe the phenomenon that the valence of prospective outcomes modulates action invigoration: Reward prospect invigorates action, whereas punishment prospect suppresses it. The adaptive role of these biases in decision-making is still unclear. One idea is that they constitute a fast-and-frugal decision strategy in situations characterized by high arousal, e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensory Cues Potentiate VTA Dopamine Mediated Reinforcement.
eNeuro
February 2024
Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota
Sensory cues are critical for shaping decisions and invigorating actions during reward seeking. Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are central in this process, supporting associative learning in Pavlovian and instrumental settings. Studies of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) behavior, which show that animals will work hard to receive stimulation of dopamine neurons, support the notion that dopamine transmits a reward or value signal to support learning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe impact of digital economy on carbon total factor productivity: A spatial analysis of major urban agglomerations in China.
J Environ Manage
February 2024
College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China. Electronic address:
Amid global climate imperatives and intensified economic competition, pivoting from China's conventional growth paradigms to innovative economic catalysts emerges as pivotal for its transformative agenda. Drawing on panel data from 141 principal urban conglomerates spanning 2011-2021, this investigation delves into the intricate nexus between the digital economy and carbon total factor productivity. Our empirical analysis unveils a U-shaped trajectory characterizing the digital economy - carbon total factor productivity interplay, accompanied by a congruent spatial spillover dynamic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDetection of common EEG phenomena using individual electrodes placed outside the hair.
Biomed Phys Eng Express
December 2023
Chen Frontier Lab for Applied Neurotechnology, Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Many studies over the past decades have provided exciting evidence that electrical signals recorded from the scalp (electroencephalogram, EEG) hold meaningful information about the brain's function or dysfunction. This information is used routinely in research laboratories to test specific hypotheses and in clinical settings to aid in diagnoses (such as during polysomnography evaluations). Unfortunately, with very few exceptions, such meaningful information about brain function has not yet led to valuable solutions that can address the needs of many people outside such research laboratories or clinics.
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