Carbohydrates are important mediators of many biological processes that underlie cellular communication and disease mechanisms. Therapeutic agents include carbohydrate-based vaccines and the potent anti-viral protein Cyanovirin-N (CV-N). CV-N acts by specifically binding the carbohydrate structures decorating the cell surface of deadly viruses including human immunodeficiency virus (HI-V) or Ebola. In search for new carbohydrate-binding proteins and the development of sensors that exploit carbohydrate-protein interactions the label-free cantilever array technique can provides a fast, parallel and low-cost approach.
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Understanding the triacylglycerol-based carbon anabolic differentiation in Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus rotundus developing tubers via transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches.
BMC Plant Biol
December 2024
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
Background: Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus, known as 'YouShaDou' in China, YSD) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus, known as 'XiangFuZi' in China, XFZ), closely related Cyperaceae species, exhibit significant differences in triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation within their tubers, a key factor in carbon flux repartitioning that highly impact the total lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolisms. Previous studies have attempted to elucidate the carbon anabolic discrepancies between these two species, however, a lack of comprehensive genome-wide annotation has hindered a detailed understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Results: This study utilizes transcriptomic analyses, supported by a comprehensive YSD reference genome, and metabolomic profiling to uncover the mechanisms underlying the major carbon perturbations between the developing tubers of YSD and XFZ germplasms harvested in Yunnan province, China, where the plant biodiveristy is renowned worldwide and may contain more genetic variations relative to their counterparts in other places.
C2-Linked Arabinose-Functionalized Polystyrene Microbeads Selectively Target .
JACS Au
November 2024
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom.
Carbohydrates play pivotal roles in the first stages of microbial infections and can be exploited as decoys to hijack the interactions between bacteria and the host cell. Multivalent glycan probes mimicking the natural presentation of glycans in living cells have been successfully employed to study fundamental carbohydrate/protein interactions in microbial systems; however, most pathogenic glycan receptors exhibit a shared specificity for commonly found sugars present in both healthy and pathogenic cells, posing a challenge for target selectivity. In this study, we report the synthesis of a small library of d-arabinose multivalent probes, a sugar absent in human physiology, and their evaluation in a bacteria agglutination assay using cluster analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF2D-IR spectroscopy of azide-labeled carbohydrates in H2O.
J Chem Phys
November 2024
University of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14 667 Potsdam, Germany.
Carbohydrates constitute one of the key classes of biomacromolecules, yet vibrational spectroscopic studies involving carbohydrates remain scarce as spectra are highly congested and lack significant marker vibrations. Recently, we introduced and characterized a thiocyanate-labeled glucose [Gasse et al., J.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCan Productive Aptitude and Age Affect Circulating Serotonin, Total Thyroid Hormones, and Cortisol Patterns in Cows?
Vet Sci
October 2024
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Cattle productivity, whether in terms of meat yield or milk production, is intricately regulated by a multitude of factors. Among them, hormone concentrations play a significant role, reflecting the complex interplay between endocrine regulation and physiological processes that ultimately determine the efficiency and yield of production. High concentrations of 5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT) are associated with a reduced metabolic load at the onset of lactation and a lower milk yield.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalysis of Glycan Recognition by Concanavalin A Using Absolute Binding Free Energy Calculations.
J Chem Inf Model
October 2024
Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
Article Synopsis
- Carbohydrates play a crucial role in molecular recognition and signaling, and this study investigates the use of absolute binding free energy (ABFE) calculations to evaluate how well different carbohydrate ligands bind to the lectin protein concanavalin A.
- The researchers found that ABFE calculations accurately predicted binding affinities and efficiencies for various carbohydrate sizes, with a minimal average error compared to direct experimental measurements using microcalorimetry.
- Despite some challenges in conformational sampling of these ligands, the study highlights the ABFE method’s potential as a valuable tool for understanding carbohydrate-protein interactions, which could aid in the development of new therapeutics, vaccines, and diagnostics.
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