John Black Grant (1890-1962) was instrumental in getting China, India, and Puerto Rico to develop health systems that integrated preventive and curative care and oriented medical education to be supportive of such systems. As these remain priority goals for all countries today, knowledge of his achievements remains of relevance. This article brings his accomplishments to the attention of the contemporary medical public.
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Extreme migratory connectivity and apparent mirroring of non-breeding grounds conditions in a severely declining breeding population of an Afro-Palearctic migratory bird.
Sci Rep
January 2025
British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, UK.
Understanding the distribution of breeding populations of migratory animals in the non-breeding period (migratory connectivity) is important for understanding their response to environmental change. High connectivity (low non-breeding population dispersion) may lower resilience to climate change and increase vulnerability to habitat loss within their range. Very high levels of connectivity are reportedly rare, but this conclusion may be limited by methodology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetic mixing aims to increase the genetic diversity of small or isolated populations, by mitigating genetic drift and inbreeding depression, either by maximally increasing genetic diversity, or minimising the prevalence of recessive, deleterious alleles. However, few studies investigate this beyond a single generation of mixing. Here, we model genetic mixing using captive, low-diversity recipient population of the threatened Southern brown bandicoot () over 50 generations and compare wild populations across south-eastern Australia as candidate source populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Randomized Trial of Drug Route in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.
N Engl J Med
January 2025
From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom.
Background: In patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the effectiveness of drugs such as epinephrine is highly time-dependent. An intraosseous route of drug administration may enable more rapid drug administration than an intravenous route; however, its effect on clinical outcomes is uncertain.
Methods: We conducted a multicenter, open-label, randomized trial across 11 emergency medical systems in the United Kingdom that involved adults in cardiac arrest for whom vascular access for drug administration was needed.
A machine-learning based model for automated recommendation of individualized treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis.
PLoS One
September 2024
Torch Consortium FAMPOP Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.
Article Synopsis
- Rifampicin resistant tuberculosis is a major global health issue, with significant limitations in current treatment practices due to inadequate drug susceptibility testing (DST) information.
- The study developed a clinical decision support system (CDSS) that utilizes machine learning to recommend optimal individualized treatment regimens based on extensive data from expert feedback.
- Although the CDSS was found to be user-friendly and beneficial in clinical settings, its effectiveness is hindered by challenges such as adherence to national treatment guidelines and the need for better digital infrastructure and training for healthcare providers.
Genotype and Phenotype Correlation of the TPMT∗8 Allele in Thiopurine Metabolism.
J Mol Diagn
November 2024
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Electronic address:
Thiopurine 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) is metabolized by thiopurine methyl transferase (TPMT). TPMT genetic variation results in some individuals having reduced or absent TPMT enzyme activity. If these individuals take a full thiopurine dose, life-threatening adverse events can occur.
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