Polymorphism of drug is known to influence the stability, dissolution, bioavailability and other performance characteristics of the products. Therefore, the crystal form of the drug must be identified and determined in order to ensure consistent product performance. Even if the identification and characterization of crystal forms are performed thoroughly and the effective crystal form is selected for preparation, it is important to ensure that the effective crystal form in the final product remains unchanged. Therefore, it is essential to quantitate the content of the effective crystal form in the product to control the quality and performance of them. X-ray powder diffraction, FT-Raman, mid-IR, near-IR, terahertz pulsed spectroscopy, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and DSC are the quantitative methods of crystal form used in the recent 10 years. This review briefly highlights the basic principles and the progress of these methods and discusses the perspective as they apply to pharmaceutical research and development.
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Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, NY 13676, USA.
Ferritin, a highly conserved iron storage protein, is among the earliest proteins that have been purified, named, and characterized due to its unique properties that continue to captivate researchers. Ferritin is composed of 24 subunits that form an almost spherical shell delimiting a cavity where thousands of iron atoms can be stored in a nontoxic ferric form, thereby preventing cytosolic iron from catalyzing oxidative stress. Mitochondrial and extracellular ferritin have also been described and characterized, with the latter being associated with several signaling functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
DNA gyrase is a bacterial type IIA topoisomerase that can create temporary double-stranded DNA breaks to regulate DNA topology and an archetypical target of antibiotics. The widely used quinolone class of drugs use a water-metal ion bridge in interacting with the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase. Zoliflodacin sits in the same pocket as quinolones but interacts with the GyrB subunit and also stabilizes lethal double-stranded DNA breaks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
January 2025
School of Energy and Automotive Engineering, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan 528300, China.
A novel organic-inorganic eutectic phase change material (PCM) based on sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) was developed to meet the needs of heat recovery and building heating. Three kinds of PEG with different molecular weights were selected to form organic-inorganic eutectic PCM with SAT. The thermal properties of three series of SAT-PEG eutectic PCM were compared based on DSC results, focusing on the impact of PEG addition on the phase change temperature and enthalpy of SAT, as well as the melting uniformity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
December 2024
Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche-Strasse 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany.
Coated metallic stents are the next generation of metallic stents with improved surface properties. To evaluate the degradation behavior of stents in vitro, different in vitro degradation models can be applied: (i) static immersion test: degradation under static fluid condition, (ii) fluid dynamic test: degradation under flowing fluid, and (iii) electrochemical corrosion test: degradation under the influence of electric potential. During these experimental procedures, stents interact with the simulated blood plasma, and degradation products are formed in the form of depositions on the stent surface, likewise in vivo experiments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
December 2024
German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research (DITF), Koerschtalstr. 26, D-73770 Denkendorf, Germany.
Recent research has shown the potential of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB), to form nonwoven structures with fine fiber diameter distributions ranging from 2.5 µm to 20 µm during the meltblow process. The shortcomings of existing fabrics of this type include high brittleness, low elongation at break (max.
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