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Ion exchange chromatography of biotherapeutics: Fundamental principles and advanced approaches.
J Chromatogr A
January 2025
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Ion exchange chromatography (IEX) is an important analytical technique for the characterization of biotechnology-derived products, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and more recently, cell and gene therapy products such as messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). This review paper first outlines the basic principles and separation mechanisms of IEX for charge variant separation of biotherapeutics, and examines the different elution modes based on salt or pH gradients. It then highlights several recent trends when applying IEX for the characterization of biotechnology-derived products, including: i) the effective use of pH gradients, ii) the improvement of selectivity by using organic solvents in the mobile phase, multi-step gradients, or by combining ion pairing and ion exchange, and iii) the increase in analytical throughput using ultra-short columns or automated screening of conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanisms controlling spatial variability of geogenic ammonium in coastal aquifers: Insights from Holocene sedimentary evolution.
Water Res
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies, Wuhan 430078, China.
The contamination of groundwater with geogenic ammonium (NH) across various geological backgrounds has garnered significant attention, particularly in coastal aquifer systems. However, there remains a gap in our understanding of the mechanisms governing the spatial variability of NH in coastal groundwater at a macroscopic scale. In this study, we collected the sediment samples from two boreholes corresponding to high-NH-N and low-NH-N groundwater.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMemory Effect of Double Oxides Compared to Simple Ion Exchange for Controlled Fluoride Ion Capture and Release.
Materials (Basel)
January 2025
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Article Synopsis
- A magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (LDH) was created using a coprecipitation technique from a nitrate solution and transformed into a layered double oxide (LDO) after being heated to 450 °C.
- During rehydration in a fluoride solution, the LDH's original structure was restored and fluoride ions were absorbed to maintain balance, a finding confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
- The study demonstrated that using ethanol during the rehydration process significantly increased fluoride incorporation, and the fluoride release pattern from the material revealed a rapid initial release followed by a slower, prolonged release.
Flow-Electrode capacitive deionization for enhanced selective separation of Ammonia, Phosphorus, and caproate from sewage sludge fermentation: Performance and mechanistic insights.
Bioresour Technol
January 2025
School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122 China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011 China. Electronic address:
Caproic acid has broad applications and can be produced from activated sludge via fermentation, but its quality is hindered by ammonia (NH-N) and reactive phosphorus (RP) in the fermentation broth. However, flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI), a novel ion separation technology that operates continuously without secondary pollution seems to be an efficient process that separates the ions. The results showed that at pH 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding ammonia's role in mitigating concentration polarization in anion-exchange membrane electrodialysis.
Turk J Chem
December 2024
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials (LPCM), Faculty of Sciences, University of Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria.
In processes such as electrodialysis, the applied electrical potential is constrained by concentration polarization at the membrane/solution interface. This polarization, which intensifies at higher current densities, impedes ion transport efficiency and may lead to problems such as salt precipitation, membrane degradation, and increased energy consumption. Therefore, understanding concentration polarization is essential for enhancing membrane performance, improving efficiency, and reducing operational costs.
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