Synaptic transmission is achieved by exocytosis of small, synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters across the plasma membrane. Here, we use a DNA-tethered freestanding bilayer as a target architecture that allows observation of content transfer of individual vesicles across the tethered planar bilayer. Tethering and fusion are mediated by hybridization of complementary DNA-lipid conjugates inserted into the two membranes, and content transfer is monitored by the dequenching of an aqueous content dye. By analyzing the diffusion profile of the aqueous dye after vesicle fusion, we are able to distinguish content transfer across the tethered bilayer patch from vesicle leakage above the patch.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2011.09.023 | DOI Listing |
J Environ Manage
January 2025
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Silicon (Si) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increase plant resistance to various environmental stresses, including heavy metal (and metalloid) toxicity. Although Si and AMF each independently enhance plant tolerance, the nature of their interactions and their combined impacts on nutrient uptake, especially in the context of toxic elements such as arsenic (As), remains to be elucidated. This study investigated AMF-mediated regulation of plant nutrient uptake under As stress using rice, a model Si-accumulating plant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Med
January 2025
Vedanta Biosciences, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
Donor-derived fecal micrrasobiota treatments are efficacious in preventing recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI), but they have inherently variable quality attributes, are difficult to scale and harbor the risk of pathogen transfer. In contrast, VE303 is a defined consortium of eight purified, clonal bacterial strains developed for prevention of rCDI. In the phase 2 CONSORTIUM study, high-dose VE303 was well tolerated and reduced the odds of rCDI by more than 80% compared to placebo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Chem Chem Phys
January 2025
School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchun, 130022, China.
Ternary solar cells have been rapidly developed in the realm of organic solar cells (OSCs). The incorporation of a third component into a cell results in a complicated active layer morphology, and the relation of this morphology to power conversion efficiency remains elusive. In this work, two ternary active layers, B1:Y7 (10 wt%):BO-4Cl and B1:Y7 (50 wt%):BO-4Cl are constructed, and the reasons for the differences in PCE caused by varying the Y7 content are investigated using theoretical calculations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Vet Sci
December 2024
College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.
Introduction: Postpartum dairy cows are susceptible to negative energy balance caused by decreased feed intake and the initiation of lactation. Sijunzi San, a famous Chinese traditional herbal formulation, can promote gastrointestinal digestion and absorption and improve disorders of intestinal microbiota. Therefore, we hypothesized that Sijunzi San might alleviate negative energy balance in postpartum dairy cows by modulating the structure of the rumen microbiota and enhancing its fermentation capacity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Plant Sci
December 2024
Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China.
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) can be absorbed by plants, thereby affecting plant physiological activity, regulating gene expression, and altering metabolite content. However, the molecular mechanisms by which exogenous selenium affects coll.et Hemsl plant secondary metabolites remain unclear.
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