Oxidative stress significantly contributes to cisplatin (CP)-associated cytotoxicity, and use of antioxidants could counteract such cytotoxic effects of CP. The major biochemical pathway for reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation proceeds through O₂⁻ production, which is generated by NADPH oxidase, such oxidative stress can activate p38 MAPK to intensify the cytotoxic effect of CP. We mainly aimed to study the protective effect of oxytocin (OT) on CP-induced nephrotoxicity whereas; it was previously shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in different inflammation models. Administration of OT significantly decreased the gene expression of both NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK, nitric oxide (NO), myloperoxidase (MPO), and TBARS, furthermore it increased the renal tissue levels of antioxidants; reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histologically, OT reduced the monocellular infiltration as well as the tubular damage in CP-induced nephrotoxicity. In conclusion OT has a powerful antioxidant effect that can alleviate the CP-induced nephrotoxicity through inhibition of NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK resulting in improvement of kidney functions.
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