When two identical two-dimensional periodic structures are superposed, a mismatch rotation angle between the structures generates a superlattice. This effect is commonly observed in graphite, where the rotation between graphene layers generates Moiré patterns in scanning tunneling microscopy images. Here, a study of intravalley and intervalley double-resonance Raman processes mediated by static potentials in rotationally stacked bilayer graphene is presented. The peak properties depend on the mismatch rotation angle and can be used as an optical signature for superlattices in bilayer graphene. An atomic force microscopy system is used to produce and identify specific rotationally stacked bilayer graphenes that demonstrate the validity of our model.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl201370m | DOI Listing |
J Surg Educ
January 2025
ACMGE Surgery Residency Review Committee, Chicago, Illinois.
Objective: Nationwide there is a significant shortage of surgeons in rural communities, which has led to a growing interest in training more general surgeons specifically for entry into rural practice. Despite noble intentions, exactly how this training should be performed is unclear, and highly variable across programs. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Surgery Residency Review Committee (RRC) sought to better understand the current state of rural focused training options in general surgery residencies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicina (Kaunas)
November 2024
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, 875 Haeun-daero, Haeundae-gu, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea.
: The anterolateral bowing of the femur shows differences between races and has recently caused many clinical problems. Asians tend to have increased femoral bowing, but there is a lack of large-scale studies. We aim to identify the patterns of femoral bowing in the Korean population through comprehensive analysis and address its clinical implications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Trauma and Orthopaedics, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, GBR.
Although mixing and matching components is a common, safe, and well-documented practice in hip revision surgery, our extensive search indicates that it has not been previously reported for shoulder arthroplasty. This case report presents the use of mixed implants in shoulder revision surgery to reduce morbidity and address flaws in the initial implant design. We describe a case of a patient with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia who was treated for osteoarthritis in his left shoulder with an anatomic shoulder replacement in 2014.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
January 2025
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan.
Twistronics, a novel engineering approach involving the alignment of van der Waals (vdW) integrated two-dimensional materials at specific angles, has recently attracted significant attention. Novel nontrivial phenomena have been demonstrated in twisted vdW junctions (the so-called magic angle), such as unconventional superconductivity, topological phases, and magnetism. However, there have been only few reports on integrated vdW layers with large twist angles θ, such as twisted interfacial Josephson junctions using high-temperature superconductors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTheory Biosci
December 2024
Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
Can mathematical proofs be employed for the solution of fundamental molecular-level problems in biology? Recently, I mathematically tackled complex mechanistic problems arising during the synthesis of the universal biological currency, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the FF-ATP synthase, nature's smallest rotary molecular motor, using graph-theoretical and combinatorial approaches for the membrane-bound F and water-soluble F domains of this fascinating molecule (see Nath in Theory Biosci 141:249‒260, 2022 and Theory Biosci 143:217‒227, 2024). In the third part of this trilogy, I investigate another critical aspect of the molecular mechanism-that of coupling between the F and F domains of the ATP synthase mediated by the central γ-subunit of nanometer diameter. According to Nath's torsional mechanism of energy transduction and ATP synthesis the γ-subunit twists during ATP synthesis and the release of stored torsional energy in the central γ-stalk causes conformational changes in the catalytic sites that lead to ATP synthesis, with 1 ATP molecule synthesized per discrete 120° rotation.
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