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Potential Evolutionary Convergence in Trophic Adaptations of Two Booidean Snake Lineages as Evidenced by Skull Morphology.
J Morphol
January 2025
Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM-SNSB), Munich, Germany.
Booidean snakes are a diverse and widespread lineage with an intriguing evolutionary and biogeographic history. By means of cranial morphology and osteology, this study investigates the evolutionary convergence in the Neotropical genera Boa and Corallus on the one hand and the Malagasy clade comprising Acrantophis and Sanzinia on the other. We hypothesize that the mostly arboreal Corallus and Sanzinia present larger jaws and longer teeth to keep hold of the prey and resist gravity and torsional forces acting on their skull while hanging from branches, while terrestrial genera such as Acrantophis show thinner jaws with shorter teeth because they can rely on the full length of their coils to immobilize and constrict the prey together with a substrate that supports the whole of their body.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpileptiform discharges in the context of self-limited pediatric focal epilepsy (EDSelFEC) in pediatric hemispherotomy patients: Role of white matter abnormalities.
Epileptic Disord
December 2024
Center for Pediatric Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schoen Clinic Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth, Germany.
Objective: To investigate the frequency of epileptiform discharges associated with self-limited focal epilepsy (EDSelFEC) in children who have undergone a hemispherotomy and to evaluate whether patients with coexistence of EDSelFEC and structural hemispheric epilepsies differ from patients without coexistence of EDSelFEC and whether there are differences between the two groups with regard to preoperative management and postoperative outcome.
Methods: Data on 131 children who underwent a hemispherotomy between January 1999 and January 2015 were retrieved from the Epilepsy center's epilepsy surgery database. Children with EDSelFEC were compared with children without EDSelFEC with respect to epileptogenic hemispheric pathology, family history, age at epilepsy onset, timing of surgery, lesion laterality, preoperative cognitive function, response to sodium channel blocker antiepileptic medication, and surgical outcome.
Embedded Ethics in Practice: A Toolbox for Integrating the Analysis of Ethical and Social Issues into Healthcare AI Research.
Sci Eng Ethics
December 2024
Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Department of Preclinical Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into critical domains such as healthcare holds immense promise. Nevertheless, significant challenges must be addressed to avoid harm, promote the well-being of individuals and societies, and ensure ethically sound and socially just technology development. Innovative approaches like Embedded Ethics, which refers to integrating ethics and social science into technology development based on interdisciplinary collaboration, are emerging to address issues of bias, transparency, misrepresentation, and more.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRespiratory Viruses in Patients With Hematological Malignancy in Boreal Autumn/Winter 2023-2024: EPICOVIDEHA-EPIFLUEHA Report.
Am J Hematol
December 2024
Hematology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Community-acquired respiratory viral infections (CARV) significantly impact patients with hematological malignancies (HM), leading to high morbidity and mortality. However, large-scale, real-world data on CARV in these patients is limited. This study analyzed data from the EPICOVIDEHA-EPIFLUEHA registry, focusing on patients with HM diagnosed with CARV during the 2023-2024 autumn-winter season.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStrengthening autonomy in mental health care through a relational approach.
Nat Ment Health
November 2024
Bioethics Program, FLACSO Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Respect for autonomy is foundational to all types of clinical care, and receiving mental health care places people in a vulnerable situation that has a direct impact on their ability to live as they choose, making concerns about autonomy central. The classical understanding of personal autonomy, which still influences medical guidelines, is based on an individualistic framework and is inadequate for ethical mental health care. The goal of this Comment is to articulate why the relational autonomy model, developed in feminist bioethics, is a necessary approach for the mental health field.
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