AI Article Synopsis
- Column experiments examined how hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAP) help transport copper (Cu) in saturated quartz sand while varying salt concentrations (NaCl and CaCl₂).
- The study found that retention of nHAP increased with higher ionic strength, especially with divalent ions like Ca²⁺ compared to monovalent ions like Na⁺.
- Results showed a significant decrease in Cu concentrations in effluent with rising NaCl and CaCl₂ levels, indicating that ionic strength and composition heavily affect the co-transport of contaminants alongside nHAP nanoparticles.
Article Abstract
Column experiments were conducted to investigate the facilitated transport of Cu in association with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAP) in water-saturated quartz sand at different solution concentrations of NaCl (0-100 mM) or CaCl(2) (0.1-1.0 mM). The experimental breakthrough curves and retention profiles of nHAP were well described using a mathematical model that accounted for two kinetic retention sites. The retention coefficients for both sites increased with the ionic strength (IS) of a particular salt. However, the amount of nHAP retention was more sensitive to increases in the concentration of divalent Ca(2+) than monovalent Na(+). The effluent concentration of Cu that was associated with nHAP decreased significantly from 2.62 to 0.17 mg L(-1) when NaCl increased from 0 to 100 mM, and from 1.58 to 0.16 mg L(-1) when CaCl(2) increased from 0.1 to 1.0 mM. These trends were due to enhanced retention of nHAP with changes in IS and ionic composition (IC) due to compression of the double layer thickness and reduction of the magnitude of the zeta potentials. Results indicate that the IS and IC had a strong influence on the co-transport behavior of contaminants with nHAP nanoparticles.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.041 | DOI Listing |
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