Object: Executive functions are crucial for organizing and integrating cognitive processes. While some studies have assessed the effect of carotid artery stenting (CAS) on cognitive functioning, results have been conflicting. The object of this study was to assess the effect of CAS on cognitive status, with special interest on executive functions, among patients with severe asymptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis.
Methods: The authors prospectively assessed the neuropsychological status of 20 patients with unilateral asymptomatic extracranial ICA stenosis of 60% or more by using a comprehensive assessment battery focused on executive functions before and after CAS. Individual raw scores on neuropsychological tests were converted into z scores by normalizing for age, sex, and years of education. The authors compared baseline and 3-month postoperative neuropsychological scores by using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.
Results: The mean preoperative cognitive performance was within normal ranges on all variables. All patients underwent a successful CAS procedure. Executive function scores improved after CAS, relative to baseline performance as follows: set shifting (Trail-Making Test Part B: -0.75 ± 1.43 vs -1.2 ± 1.48, p = 0.003) and processing speed (digit symbol coding: -0.66 ± 0.85 vs -0.97 ± 0.82, p = 0.035; and symbol search: -0.24 ± 1.32 vs -0.56 ± 0.77, p = 0.049). The benefit of CAS for working memory was marginally significant (digit span backward: -0.41 ± 0.61 vs -0.58 ± 0.76, p = 0.052). Both verbal (immediate Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: 0.35 ± 1.04 vs -0.22 ± 0.82, p = 0.011) and visual (delayed Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure: 0.27 ± 1.26 vs -0.22 ± 1.01, p = 0.024) memory improved after CAS.
Conclusions: The authors found a beneficial effect on executive function and memory 3 months after CAS among their prospective cohort of consecutive patients with unilateral and asymptomatic ICA stenosis of 60% or more.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.9.JNS11532 | DOI Listing |
Neurobiol Aging
December 2024
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
Healthy aging is associated with cognitive decline across multiple domains, including executive function, memory, and attention. These cognitive changes can often influence an individual's ability to function and quality of life. However, the degree to which individuals experience cognitive decline, as well as the trajectory of these changes, exhibits wide variability across people.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Neuropsychol Child
December 2024
Institute on Development and Disability, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Executive functions (EF) affect child competencies across domains in early childhood. Thus, this study examined: 1) the EF differences between young children with global developmental delays (GDD) and those with typical development (TD); 2) the relationship between mastery motivation (MM) and EF; 3) the association between developmental abilities and EF in both groups. Participants included 26 mother-child dyads of preschoolers with GDD (age 24-55 months) and 26 sex- and mental-age-matched dyads of TD preschoolers (age 15-29 months).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Gerontol Geriatr
December 2024
Department of Sports Science, Hanyang University ERICA, South Korea.
Purpose: To analyze the effect of complex exercise on cognitive ability of the elderly.
Study Design: By means of literature screening and quality assessment, high-quality studies were extracted to comprehensively analyze the effects of complex exercise on cognitive ability of the elderly.
Method: By searching databases such as Web of Science and CNKI, we integrated experimental studies on the effects of complex exercise on cognitive ability in the elderly, conducted literature quality assessment according to Cochrane bias risk assessment tool, and conducted meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.
EBioMedicine
December 2024
Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany. Electronic address:
Background: Emerging findings indicate that the hypothalamus, the body's principal homeostatic centre, plays a crucial role in modulating cognition, but comprehensive population-based studies are lacking.
Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the Rhineland Study (N = 5812, 55.2 ± 13.
World J Psychiatry
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China.
Background: The pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SCZ) remains unclear. Accumulating studies showed that inflammatory-immune dysregulation and altered brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels play a crucial role in the psychopathology of SCZ. However, their association with cognitive dysfunction in first-episode SCZ patients has not been thoroughly investigated.
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