A reliable and sensitive kit for the rapid detection of melamine (Mel) was developed. The kit is based on gold nanoparticle (Au NP) probe and includes a standard colorimetric card. The Au NPs were prepared by sodium borohydride reduction and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, which revealed particle sizes of approximately 5 nm. The performance of the kit in terms of aggregation kinetics, cross-reactivity, anti-interference, and sample pretreatment was investigated. The standard colorimetric card was then fabricated by chromatic aberration of a series of standard Mel-spiked milk reacts with the 5 nm Au NPs. The working range of the kit is 1-120 mg/L, and its performance is visibly more rapid and reliable by comparison with the standard colorimetric card. As low as 1 mg/L of Mel levels in milk can be determined, with the assay taking only about 10 min, including sample pretreatment. The kit can be stored for a year at room temperature. Samples were also detected by the kit, yielding results close to those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Thus, the kit is applicable to qualitative and semiquantitative field detection, as well as naked-eye screening without the aid of any instrumentation.
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Toxicol Lett
January 2025
Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestrasse 33, 80336 Munich, Germany. Electronic address:
The medical community continues to regard organophosphate nerve agent poisoning as a significant concern. Due to the lack of therapeutic options for the nicotinic signs and symptoms for certain agents (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Form Res
January 2025
Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu City, Chuo-ku, Japan.
Background: One method for noninvasive and simple urinary microalbumin testing is urine test strips. However, when visually assessing urine test strips, accurate assessment may be difficult due to environmental influences-such as lighting color and intensity-and the physical and psychological influences of the assessor. These complicate the formation of an objective assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Res
January 2025
Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India; Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India. Electronic address:
Nickel, an essential transition metal, plays a vital role in biological systems and industries. However, exposure to nickel can cause severe health issues, such as asthma, dermatitis, pneumonitis, neurological disorders, and cancers of the nasal cavity and lungs. Due to nickel's toxicity and extensive industrial use, efficient sensors for detecting Ni ions in environmental and biological contexts are essential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Nat Prod
January 2025
Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.
To date, quantitative analysis of proanthocyanidin (PAC) containing materials including plant extracts and fractions depends on colorimetric assays or phloroglucinolysis/thiolysis combined with UV-HPLC analysis. Such assays are of limited accuracy, particularly lack specificity, require extensive sample preparation and degradation, and need appropriate physical reference standards. To address this analytical challenge and toward our broader goal of developing new plant-sourced biomaterials that chemically and mechanically modulate the properties of dental tissue for clinical interventions, we have characterized 12 different PAC DESIGNER (Depletion and Enrichment of Select Ingredients Generating Normalized Extract Resources) materials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
December 2024
Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
The dried leaves of A.Rich. and Planch.
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