Interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays a key role in autoimmune, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. The IL-18 gene contains a C to A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position -607 (C-607A) within the promoter region, which was found to affect the promoter activity and subsequently the protein level of IL-18. We investigated this SNP in a group of healthy Singaporeans and found that CA was the most common genotype and the C allele was more prevalent than the A allele, which was not always the case in other ethnic groups. In addition, Singaporean Chinese were significantly different from Singaporean Indians in both allelic and genotypic distributions. Furthermore, significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of this SNP were found in all three ethnic groups studied (Chinese, Indians, and Malays) and also in other published literature, suggesting that heterozygotes of this IL-18 C-607A SNP may have certain selective advantages.
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