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Objective: Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) involves the administration of induction agents and neuromuscular blockers before endotracheal intubation (ETI). However, RSI seems to be underutilized outside emergency departments (ED). We compared RSI adoption rates and ETI outcomes outside and within EDs and investigated whether RSI adoption affected ETI outcomes outside EDs.

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Pushing the boundaries: future directions in the management of spinal muscular atrophy.

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MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Neuromuscular Centre, Division of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Liège and University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium. Electronic address:

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating, degenerative, paediatric neuromuscular disease which until recently was untreatable. Discovery of the responsible gene 30 years ago heralded a new age of pioneering therapeutic developments. Three disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have received regulatory approval and have transformed the disease, reducing disability and prolonging patient survival.

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Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Division of Otolaryngology, Chicago, IL, USA.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common neuromuscular disorder in children, and children with CP are at increased risk of respiratory distress potentially requiring tracheostomy placement. Previous studies have characterized indications for tracheostomy in neurologically compromised children, however no studies focus specifically on children with CP. The purpose of this study was to identify the indications for tracheostomy placement, sites of airway obstruction, and rate of decannulation in children with CP.

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Unravelling sources of variability on rocuronium pharmacokinetics: Implications for prolonged recovery in older patients.

Br J Clin Pharmacol

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Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics. College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.

Aims: Residual neuromuscular blockade (RNB) commonly occurs when using neuromuscular blockers and increases the risk for pulmonary complications, such as airway obstruction and severe hypoxemia, in extubated patients. Rocuronium exhibits a high variability in recovery time, contributing to an increased risk for RNB. This study aimed to identify and characterize the sources of variability in rocuronium exposure and response via a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis and to apply the developed PK/PD model to investigate clinical implications.

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Terminal Schwann cells (TSCs) are capable of regulating acetylcholine (ACh) release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). We have identified GABA as a gliotransmitter at mouse NMJs. When ACh activates α7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChRs) on TSCs, GABA is released and activates GABA receptors on the nerve terminal that subsequently reduce ACh release.

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