Challenges for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

The present review summarizes the existing literature data regarding the development of newer categories of antidiabetic agents, their mechanism of action and their clinical importance. In this paper, a review of the recent patents for the treatment of diabetes will be presented. In recent years significant achievements have been done, including the development of SGLT2 inhibitors, glucokinase activators as well as the role of free fatty acids and bile acid metabolism in the treatment of diabetes are reviewed.