This paper attempts to describe and analyse the policy processes that led to the granting and implementation of the government use licenses to enable the import and production of generic versions of medicines patented in Thailand. The decision to grant the series of government use licenses was taken despite much domestic and international controversy. The paper demonstrates that the policy processes leading to the granting of government use licenses are a successful application of the concept of "the triangle that moves the mountain". This is a well-known conceptualisation of a philosophical and strategic approach to public policy advocacy in Thailand, which propounds that the effective bridging of three powers; a.) Knowledge and evidence generated by research and analysis, b.) Civil society movements and public support, and c.) Leadership of policy makers and politicians; in a synergistic "triangle" can move "mountains", meaning the resolution of seemingly insurmountable problems. The paper provides insights into the policy context for the decision and analyses the roles of key actors, their motivations and the policy processes in the country.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-7-32 | DOI Listing |
Isr J Health Policy Res
January 2025
School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences and the Coller School of Management, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Background: Israel is unique in offering a formal subspecialty in Medical Administration and mandating it for physicians applying for senior roles. Data on the prevalence and characteristics of these specialists are limited.
Methods: The national registry of licensed physicians was used to identify all living physicians who completed the Medical Administration subspecialty by December 31, 2022.
Anal Chim Acta
February 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, 488 Escondido Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Isotachophoresis (ITP) is a well-established electrokinetic method for separation and preconcentration of analytes. Several simulation tools for ITP have been published, but their use for experimental design is limited by the computational time for a single run and/or by the number of conditions that can be investigated per simulation run. A large fraction of the existing solvers also do not account for ionic strength effects, which can influence whether an analyte focuses in ITP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Mech Behav Biomed Mater
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
The integration of self-expandable nitinol frames with cable-driven parallel mechanisms offers a promising advancement in minimally invasive cardiovascular interventions. This study presents the design, fabrication, and verification of a miniaturized self-expandable nitinol frame to enhance catheter tip steerability and navigation within complex vascular anatomies. The frame is reduced in size for delivery through 7-8 Fr sheaths while accommodating diverse vascular diameters, allowing up to a maximum expansion of 15 mm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCNS Drugs
January 2025
School of Medicine and Dentistry, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.
Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated as a necessary factor in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) and may also be a driver of disease activity. Although it is not clear whether ongoing viral replication is the driver for MS pathology, MS researchers have considered the prospect of using drugs with potential efficacy against EBV in the treatment of MS. We have undertaken scientific and lived experience expert panel reviews to shortlist existing licensed therapies that could be used in later-stage clinical trials in MS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Educ Eval Health Prof
January 2025
Department of the History of Medicine and Medical Humanities, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
The introduction of modern Western medicine in the late 19th century, notably through vaccination initiatives, marked the beginning of governmental involvement in medical licensure, with the licensing of doctors who performed vaccinations. The establishment of the national medical school "Euihakkyo" in 1899 further formalized medical education and licensure, granting graduates the privilege to practice medicine without additional examinations. The enactment of the Regulations on Doctors in 1900 by the Joseon government aimed to define doctor qualifications, including modern and traditional practitioners, comprehensively.
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