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Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
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Message: strpos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated
Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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Function: strpos
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Function: insertAPISummary
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
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Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 257
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Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Objective: To investigate the protective effects of scutellarin benzyl ester on neonatal rats' cardiomyocytes injured by ischemia and its anti-apoptosis mechanism.
Methods: The cardiomyocytes in primary culture were prepared from ventricular tissue of 1- to 3-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats and the cells in good condition were assigned to five groups: control group, ischemic model group and three scutellarin benzyl ester groups (doses of 100, 50 and 25μmol/L, respectively). The model of ischemic injury was established in the primary culture of cardiomyocytes under glucose-free anoxic condition. After ischemia for 6 h, the metabolic ability of the cells was detected by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the media was measured by biochemistry approaches. The nuclear damage was revealed by Hoechst-propidium iodide staining. The percentage of apoptotic cells was monitored by flow cytometry. The expression levels of cytochrome c and caspase-3 mRNAs and proteins were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively.
Results: After exposure to ischemic condition, the cell viability of the model group was degraded compared with that of the control group (P<0.01) and scutellarin benzyl ester (high and medium doses) could attenuate the loss of cell viability induced by ischemia (P<0.01 and P<0.05). In addition, each dose of scutellarin benzyl ester could significantly reduce the release of LDH from cardiomyocytes injured by ischemia (P<0.01). In morphology, the injured nuclei presented significant changes such as condensation of chromatin, and shrinkage and fragmentation of nuclei, which could be attenuated remarkably by pretreatment with scutellarin benzyl ester. Furthermore, scutellarin benzyl ester could significantly decrease the percentage of apoptosis induced by ischemia (P<0.01) and inhibit the increased expression levels of cytochrome c and caspase-3 mRNAs and proteins (<0.01).
Conclusion: Scutellarin benzyl ester has a remarkable protective effect against myocardial ischemic injury and the protective mechanism may associate with its anti-apoptosis effect by inhibiting cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3736/jcim20110913 | DOI Listing |
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