Approach to the difficult transseptal: diathermy facilitated left atrial access.

Percutaneous transseptal left atrial (LA) access is increasingly becoming a routine procedure in the electrophysiology and cardiac catheterisation laboratories. Our aim was to review an unselected large series of this procedure performed over a period of five years. We clinically characterised difficult cases and presented a method of safe and expeditious LA access. Overall, 543 transseptal punctures were performed. Of those, 10 were classified as difficult, with failure to access the LA in three or more attempts. In all 10 cases, surgical electrocautery was successfully used to facilitate needle puncture of the septum. All patients subsequently underwent an uncomplicated procedure. In conclusion, we describe a method to trouble-shoot the difficult transseptal access procedure, outlining the clinical characteristics, echocardiographic features and special precautions that need to be considered when utilising this method.