Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a regulator of diverse functions of the immune system that can induce regressions in some experimental and human tumors. These early findings suggest a potential role for IL-2 in the treatment of certain malignant neoplasms including lymphomas and leukemias. Advanced, rapidly growing tumors are generally not amenable to immunotherapy. Therefore, it is more likely that protocols with IL-2 will be used to prolong remission and prevent relapse in leukemia patients with minimal tumor load. Several approaches are currently being tested in animal experiments and clinical trials. Activation of tumor-reactive lymphocytes (specific or nonspecific) by IL-2 in vivo may eradicate residual leukemia in patients with occult disease. In vitro-propagated autologous or allogeneic leukemia-reactive T cells may be infused with IL-2 to facilitate the tumor destruction. The IL-2 enhances monoclonal antibody-dependent effector systems, such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vivo. Monoclonal antibodies recognizing epitopes on leukemia/lymphoma cells could therefore be used with IL-2 to target nonspecific effectors to destroy tumor cells. Other cytokines appear to potentiate various antitumor activities of IL-2, including cytotoxicity of antigen-specific T lymphocytes or lymphokine-activated killer cells in vitro, and these combined effects may be exploited in clinical trials in which more than one cytokine is used simultaneously or in sequence. Finally, a stepwise completion of clinical protocols testing this immunologic approach in combination with other treatment modalities is necessary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Importance: Secondary lymphedema is a common, harmful side effect of breast cancer treatment. Robust risk models that are externally validated are needed to facilitate clinical translation. A published risk model used 5 accessible clinical factors to predict the development of breast cancer-related lymphedema; this model included a patient's mammographic breast density as a novel predictive factor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Gastrointest Cancer
January 2025
Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease which is associated with an increase in cancer-related death in the USA. The minority of patients are cured by surgery alone and typically require adjuvant chemotherapy in order to improve clinical outcomes. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is an emerging technology whereby microscopic levels of minimal residual disease (MRD) can be detected in the bloodstream.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunol Res
January 2025
, Auckland, New Zealand.
Cytotoxic DNAs, methylation, histones and histones binding proteins are speculated to induce DNA sensors. Under stressed condition, the antigenic patterns, PAMPs and DAMPs, trigger the hyperactive innate response through DNA, DNA-RNA hybrids, oligonucleotides, histones and mtDNA to initiate cGAMP-STING-IFN I cascade. HSV -1&2, HIV, Varicella- Zoster virus, Polyomavirus, Cytomegalovirus, and KSHV negatively regulate the STING-MAVS-TBK-1/1KKE pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSupport Care Cancer
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama-Shi, 641-8509, Japan.
Purpose: Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is problematic for patients with cancer receiving opioid therapy. Some guidelines recommend initiating regular laxatives at the same time as opioid analgesics. However, the effectiveness of prophylactic laxatives on OIC has not been widely demonstrated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosurg Rev
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45# Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
Chordoma is a rare malignant tumor with a higher incidence in males than in females. There is an increasing number of clinical studies related to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), yet the efficacy and safety of different drugs vary. In this single-arm meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy and safety of TKIs for chordoma treatment, 12 studies involving 365 patients were analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!