In 1919 the German chemist Hermann Staudinger was the first to describe the reaction between an azide and a phosphine. It was not until recently, however, that Bertozzi and co-workers recognized the potential of this reaction as a method for bioconjugation and transformed it into the so-called Staudinger ligation. The bio-orthogonal character of both the azide and the phosphine functions has resulted in the Staudinger ligation finding numerous applications in various complex biological systems. For example, the Staudinger ligation has been utilized to label glycans, lipids, DNA, and proteins. Moreover, the Staudinger ligation has been used as a synthetic method to construct glycopeptides, microarrays, and functional biopolymers. In the emerging field of bio-orthogonal ligation strategies, the Staudinger ligation has set a high standard to which most of the new techniques are often compared. This Review summarizes recent developments and new applications of the Staudinger ligation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201008102 | DOI Listing |
J Am Chem Soc
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.
The trifluoromethyl (-CF) group represents a highly prevalent functionality in pharmaceuticals. Over the past few decades, significant advances have been made in the development of synthetic methods for trifluoromethylation. In contrast, there are currently no metalloenzymes known to catalyze the formation of C(sp)-CF bonds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceuticals (Basel)
September 2024
Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
: The incorporation of radionuclides into peptides and larger biomolecules requires efficient and sometimes biorthogonal reaction conditions, to which click chemistry provides a convenient approach. : Traditionally, click-based radiolabeling techniques have focused on classical click chemistry, such as copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide [3+2] cycloaddition (CuAAC), strain-promoted azide-alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition (SPAAC), traceless Staudinger ligation, and inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA). : However, newly emerging click-based radiolabeling techniques, including tyrosine-click, sulfo-click, sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx), thiol-ene click, azo coupling, hydrazone formations, oxime formations, and RIKEN click offer valuable alternatives to classical click chemistry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Biomol Chem
November 2024
Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
Opantimycin A, a rare antimycin-class antibiotic without the macrolide core, was isolated from sp. RK88-1355 in 2017. In this study, we explored the total synthesis and stereochemical assignment of opantimycin A.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemistry
November 2023
Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
The germylone dimNHCGe (dimNHC=diimino N-heterocyclic carbene) reacts with azides N R (R=SiMe or p-tolyl) to furnish the first examples of germanium π-complexes, i. e. guanidine-ligated compounds (dimNHI-SiMe )Ge (NHI=N-heterocyclic imine, R=SiMe ) and (dimNHI-Tol)Ge (R=p-tolyl).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcc Chem Res
October 2023
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Protein biosynthesis is a central process in all living cells that is catalyzed by a complex molecular machine─the ribosome. This process is termed translation because the language of nucleotides in mRNAs is translated into the language of amino acids in proteins. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules charged with amino acids serve as adaptors and recognize codons of mRNA in the decoding center while simultaneously the individual amino acids are assembled into a peptide chain in the peptidyl transferase center (PTC).
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