Background: Glial scar (GS) is the most important inhibitor factor to neuroregeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) and behaves as a tertiary lesion. The present review of the literature searched for representative studies concerning GS and therapeutic strategies to neuroregeneration.
Methods: The author used the PubMed database and Google scholar to search articles published in the last 20 years. Key words used were SCI, spinal cord (SC) inflammation, GS, and SCI treatment.
Results: Both inflammation and GS are considered important events after SCI. Despite the fact that firstly they seem to cause benefit, in the end they cause more harm than good to neuroregeneration. Each stage has its own aspects under the influence of the immune system causing inflammation, from the primary to secondary lesion and from those to GS (tertiary lesion).
Conclusion: Future studies should stress the key points where and when GS presents itself as an inhibitory factor to neuroregeneration. Considering GS as an important event after SCI, the author defends GS as being a tertiary lesion. Current strategies are presented with emphasis on stem cells and drug therapy. A better understanding will permit the development of a therapeutic basis in the treatment of the SCI patients considering each stage of the lesion, with emphasis on GS and neuroregeneration.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3162797 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.83732 | DOI Listing |
Pain Pract
February 2025
North American Spine & Pain, 404 Creek Crossing Blvd, Hainesport, 08056, New Jersey, USA.
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an interventional procedure that has been used to treat chronic back pain for over 50 years; this unique case report demonstrates the effectiveness of pulsed radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) on the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in the treatment of chronic radicular pain (Russo et al., 2021, J Pain Res, 14, 3897). The RFA provides pain relief by using thermal energy to disrupt peripheral nerves carrying nociceptive signals back to the central nervous system (Abd-Elsayed et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVitam Horm
January 2025
Clinical Research Center, Murayama Medical Center, Musashimurayama, Japan.
The hypothalamus is the gray matter of the ventral portion of the diencephalon. The hypothalamus is the higher center of the autonomic nervous system and is involved in the regulation of various homeostatic mechanisms. It also modulates respiration by facilitating the respiratory network.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Department of Inflammation and Ageing, School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a significant cause of lifelong disability, with no available disease-modifying treatments to promote neuroprotection and axon regeneration after injury. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a promising therapy which has proven effective at restoring lost function after SCI in pre-clinical models. However, the precise mechanism of action is yet to be determined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Prev Alzheimers Dis
February 2025
Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address:
Background: Cognitive decline and the progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD) are traditionally associated with amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau pathologies. This study aims to evaluate the relationships between microstructural white matter injury, cognitive decline and AD core biomarkers.
Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study of 566 participants using peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) to quantify microstructural white matter injury.
J Prev Alzheimers Dis
February 2025
School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Electronic address:
Background: The associations of early-onset coronary heart disease (CHD) and genetic susceptibility with incident dementia and brain white matter hyperintensity (WMH) remain unclear. Elucidation of this problem could promote understanding of the neurocognitive impact of early-onset CHD and provide suggestions for the prevention of dementia.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether observed and genetically predicted early-onset CHD were related to subsequent dementia and WMH volume.
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!