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Sarcopenic obesity and brain health: A critical appraisal of the current evidence.
Nutr Bull
January 2025
Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a body composition phenotype derived from the simultaneous presence in the same individual of an increase in fat mass and a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and/or function. Several protocols for the diagnosis of SO have been proposed in the last two decades making prevalence and disease risk estimates of SO heterogeneous and challenging to interpret. Dementia is a complex neurological disorder that significantly impacts patients, carers and healthcare systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinician perspectives on designing and implementing a hereditary cancer transition clinic.
Hered Cancer Clin Pract
January 2025
Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Early identification of hereditary cancer predisposition in adolescents and young adults is crucial for targeted cancer prevention and improving survival rates, but this age group faces unique healthcare transition challenges.
- The study aimed to gather expert insights on creating a transition clinic for this demographic, using qualitative methods inspired by human-centered design and implementation science.
- Key findings emphasized the importance of relationship building, care coordination, education, effective communication among providers, and establishing a sustainable clinic model to enhance program implementation.
Sodium nitrite orchestrates macrophage mimicry of tongue squamous carcinoma cells to drive lymphatic metastasis.
Br J Cancer
January 2025
MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
Background: Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a malignant oral cancer with unclear pathogenesis that shows a tendency for early-stage lymphatic metastasis. This results in a poor prognosis, with a low 5-year survival rate. Dietary sodium nitrite (NaNO) has proposed associations with disease, including cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEarly life stress and functional connectivity in antipsychotic-naïve first episode psychosis patients.
Schizophrenia (Heidelb)
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how childhood trauma affects brain connectivity in patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis compared to healthy controls.
- Higher scores of sexual abuse and emotional neglect from childhood trauma were linked to increased functional connectivity between specific brain regions (like the amygdala and prefrontal cortex) in these patients.
- The findings suggest that different types of childhood trauma have distinct long-term effects on brain function, highlighting the complex relationship between trauma and psychosis.
Axial spondyloarthritis.
Lancet
January 2025
Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
Axial spondyloarthritis manifests as a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the sacroiliac joints and spine. Although chronic back pain and spinal stiffness are typical initial symptoms, peripheral (ie, enthesitis, arthritis, and dactylitis) and extra-musculoskeletal (ie, uveitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis) manifestations are also common. Timely and accurate diagnosis is challenging and relies on identifying a clinical pattern with a combination of clinical, laboratory (HLA-B27 positivity), and imaging findings (eg, structural damage on pelvic radiographs and bone marrow oedema on MRI of the sacroiliac joints).
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