AI Article Synopsis
- Unweighted summation or QALY utilitarianism is a common method for evaluating health benefits in cost-effectiveness analysis, based on the principle of separability, which suggests that unaffected individuals shouldn't influence policy decisions.
- This study tested the principle of separability and explored if the way choices were framed impacted support for this principle through two experiments with 345 students comparing different health treatment distributions.
- Results indicated that framing significantly influenced support for separability, with fewer violations noted when the outcomes of treatments were explicitly stated, raising concerns about achieving a consistent representation of social choices.
Article Abstract
Background: Unweighted summation or quality-adjusted life year (QALY) utilitarianism is the most common way to aggregate health benefits in a cost-effectiveness analysis. A key qualitative principle underlying QALY utilitarianism is separability: those individuals unaffected by a policy choice should not influence the policy choice. Separability also underlies several of the alternatives for QALY utilitarianism that have been proposed.
Objectives: To test separability and to test whether the support for separability is affected by the framing of the choice questions.
Methods: In 2 experiments, 345 student subjects (162 in the first experiment, and 183 in the second experiment) were asked to select 1 of 2 possible treatments, with each treatment resulting in a different distribution of health across individuals. The only aspect that varied across choice questions was the state of the patients whose health was unaffected by the act of choosing a policy. In each experiment, we used 2 frames. In the implicit frame, it was implied but not plainly expressed what outcomes the treatments had in common. In the explicit frame, common outcomes of the 2 treatments were directly stated. The 2 experiments differed in the way the explicit frame was presented (verbal v. numerical).
Results: The support for separability was significantly greater in the explicit frame. The proportion of violations in the implicit frame was 44% in Experiment 1 and 31% in Experiment 2, while in the explicit frame, the proportion of violations was 28% in Experiment 1 and 8% in Experiment 2.
Conclusions: Framing affected the support for separability, raising issues as to whether it is possible to achieve a canonical representation of social choices.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989X11418521 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Super-resolution left ventricular flow and pressure mapping by Navier-Stokes-informed neural networks.
Comput Biol Med
December 2024
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address:
Intraventricular vector flow mapping (VFM) is an increasingly adopted echocardiographic technique that derives time-resolved two-dimensional flow maps in the left ventricle (LV) from color-Doppler sequences. Current VFM models rely on kinematic constraints arising from planar flow incompressibility. However, these models are not informed by crucial information about flow physics; most notably the forces within the fluid and the resulting accelerations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentifying hand gestures for pedestrian-driver communication.
Appl Ergon
December 2024
WIVW - Würzburger Institut für Verkehrswissenschaften, Germany.
Road traffic is largely defined by clear rules and laws. However, there are certain situations that are ambiguous and in which explicit communication between road users is needed to resolve such misjudgements or ambiguities. Especially hand gestures can be used to coordinate traffic by conveying different intentions, which refer to one's own behaviour or the change in the behaviour of others.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpatiotemporal Monitoring of Cropland Soil Organic Carbon Changes From Space.
Glob Chang Biol
December 2024
Thünen Earth Observation (ThEO), Thünen Institute of Farm Economics, Braunschweig, Germany.
Soil monitoring requires accurate and spatially explicit information on soil organic carbon (SOC) trends and changes over time. Spatiotemporal SOC models based on Earth Observation (EO) satellite data can support large-scale SOC monitoring but often lack sufficient temporal validation based on long-term soil data. In this study, we used repeated SOC samples from 1986 to 2022 and a time series of multispectral bare soil observations (Landsat and Sentinel-2) to model high-resolution cropland SOC trends for almost four decades.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHarnessing opportunity cost salience for effortless self-control.
Curr Opin Psychol
February 2025
Department of Marketing, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
Traditional psychological models characterize self-control as an inherently effortful process, relying on deliberate and cognitively demanding strategies to resist impulsive temptations. Drawing on behavioral economics literature, we investigate opportunity cost salience as an effective intervention to enhance self-control with minimal effort. Specifically, we demonstrate that opportunity cost salience facilitates the intuitive detection of self-control conflicts and motivates the pursuit of valued long-term goals by altering the subjective value of present and future outcomes in self-control dilemmas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of content framing in smoking prevention campaigns on recognition and attitudes: a virtual reality study.
Health Psychol Behav Med
November 2024
Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Objectives: Anti-tobacco campaigns often suffer from a lack of systematic evaluation and may not always have the intended impact on the target population. Our research adopted immersive virtual reality (iVR) to systematically evaluate preventive anti-tobacco messages in a controlled setting while mimicking a naturalistic and ecological environment. We investigated the effect of content framing of Anti-tobacco posters on attitudes and cravings toward tobacco, and poster recognition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!