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Policy analysis: Key milestones in MDR-TB management over the past decade in South Africa.

J Public Health Afr

December 2024

School of Nursing, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.

Background: Significant strides have been made globally and in South Africa (SA) in the policy and biomedical management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). However, MDR-TB remains a significant public health threat.

Aim: This policy content analysis aims to explore the key milestones in MDR-TB management in SA and globally over the last decade, 2013-2023, to identify gaps and opportunities for improvement.

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The impact of heteroresistance on tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes is unclear, as is the role of different rifampin and isoniazid exposures on developing resistance mutations. Hollow fiber system model of TB (HFS-TB) units were inoculated with drug-susceptible () and treated with isoniazid and rifampin exposure identified in a clinical trial as leading to treatment failure and acquired drug resistance. Systems were sampled for drug concentration measurements, estimation of total and drug-resistant , and small molecule overlapping reads (SMOR) analysis for the detection of heteroresistance.

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The dire struggle: India's unfulfilled promise to eliminate tuberculosis.

Indian J Med Ethics

January 2025

Consultant Gastroenterologist, Kalinga Gastroenterology Foundation, Bajrakabati Road, Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, INDIA.

In 2023, as per the World Health Organization (WHO), India emerged as the country with the highest number of tuberculosis (TB) cases, reporting 2.8 million cases and contributing to 27% of the global TB burden [1]. Worldwide, there were 7.

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Multidrug-resistant organisms are bacteria that are no longer controlled or killed by specific drugs. One of two methods causes bacteria multidrug resistance (MDR); first, these bacteria may disguise multiple cell genes coding for drug resistance to a single treatment on resistance (R) plasmids. Second, increased expression of genes coding for multidrug efflux pumps, which extrude many drugs, can cause MDR.

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Bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, and moxifloxacin (BPaLM) for multidrug- or rifampin-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review.

J Bras Pneumol

January 2025

. Instituto de Doenças do Tórax - IDT - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ - Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil.

Objective: To evaluate the available evidence comparing the use of the bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, and moxifloxacin (BPaLM) regimen for 6 months with that of standard-of-care regimens for patients with multidrug-resistant or rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB).

Methods: This was a systematic review of clinical trials comparing the use of the BPaLM regimen with the standard of care in patients with MDR/RR-TB. The main outcome measure was an unfavorable endpoint (a composite of death, treatment failure, treatment discontinuation, loss to follow-up, and recurrence), and secondary outcome measures included adverse events and serious adverse events.

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