A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 176

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

RNA interference of β1 integrin subunit impairs development and immune responses of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Integrin is a crucial cell surface protein that helps cells interact with their environment, including other cells and pathogens.
  • A new β1 subunit integrin (βSe1) was identified in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, showing strong similarity to a related species and featuring important functional domains.
  • The study indicated that βSe1 is essential for immune responses and development, as its suppression through RNA interference led to decreased larval growth and impaired immune functions.

Article Abstract

Integrin is a cell surface protein that is composed of α and β heterodimer and mediates cell interaction with extracellular matrix or other cells including microbial pathogens. A full length cDNA sequence (2862 bp) of a β1 subunit integrin (βSe1) was cloned from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Phylogenetic analysis showed that βSe1 was clustered with other insect β integrin subunits with the highest amino acid sequence identity (98.3%) to β1 of Spodoptera litura. Structural analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence indicated that βSe1 possessed all functional domains known in other insect β1 integrins. RT-PCR analysis showed that βSe1 was expressed in all developmental stages and all tested tissues of S. exigua. Its expression was further upregulated in hemocytes by injections of various microbes from quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Injection of double-stranded βSe1 RNA (dsRNA(βSe1)) into late instar S. exigua suppressed βSe1 expression and resulted in significant reduction in pupal weight. The dsRNA(βSe1) injection significantly impaired hemocyte-spreading and nodule formation of S. exigua in response to bacterial challenge. Furthermore, oral ingestion of dsRNA(βSe1) induced reduction of βSe1 expression in midgut and resulted in significant mortality of S. exigua during immature development. These results suggest that βSe1 plays crucial roles in performing cellular immune responses as well as larval development in S. exigua.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.08.006DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

immune responses
8
beet armyworm
8
armyworm spodoptera
8
spodoptera exigua
8
βse1
8
analysis βse1
8
amino acid
8
acid sequence
8
rt-pcr analysis
8
βse1 expression
8

Similar Publications

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!