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Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Context And Objective: Parathyroid carcinoma (PCa) is a rare endocrine neoplasm known for its high recurrence. The specific molecular properties influencing the prognosis of PCa remain largely elusive. The present study was designed to explore the significance of PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation in PCa.

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Adolescent primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a rare endocrine disorder bearing distinctions from the adult form. This review examines its unique aspects, focusing on clinical presentation, genetic etiologies, genotype-phenotype correlations, and therapeutic management. Adolescent PHPT often has a genetic basis, whether familial, syndromic, or apparently sporadic, and identifying the underlying genetic cause is important for patient care.

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