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Bacterial extracellular metalloproteases (BEMPs) are a large group of metal-containing proteases secreted by heterotrophic bacteria. In this review, the diversity, structural characteristics, mechanisms of maturation, physiological roles, and applications of BEMPs are described. BEMPs are distributed among nine families of metalloproteases because of differences in primary sequences and structural characteristics. Until now, all of the BEMPs identified have been endoproteases harboring one catalytic Zn(2+) in the active centers. BEMPs are usually synthesized as inactive zymogens with a propeptide that is covalently linked to and inhibits the catalytic domain. The removal of the propeptides of BEMPs is dependent on other proteases or an autocleavage process. The main physiological function of BEMPs is to degrade environmental proteins and peptides for bacterial heterotrophic nutrition. As extracellular proteases, BEMPs vary greatly in enzymology properties to adapt to their respective environments. BEMPs have been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In order to broaden the application of BEMPs, it is essential to explore novel BEMPs and apply gene/protein engineering to improve the production and properties of promising BEMPs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3532-8 | DOI Listing |
IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell
May 2024
The effectiveness of active learning largely depends on the sampling efficiency of the acquisition function. Expected Loss Reduction (ELR) focuses on a Bayesian estimate of the reduction in classification error, and more general costs fit in the same framework. We propose Bayesian Estimate of Mean Proper Scores (BEMPS) to estimate the increase in strictly proper scores such as log probability or negative mean square error within this framework.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosurg Rev
November 2023
Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road & No.1665, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Microscopic microvascular decompression (MVD) has been considered a curative and reliable method for treating classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) for decades. Endoscopy can provide bright illumination and a panoramic view, which enhances the visualization of the posterior fossa. In view of the above advantages of endoscopy, it gradually became an option for MVD for treating TN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
November 2012
Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Calle Inca Garcilaso 3, Sevilla, Spain.
Retailers are strategically positioned to leverage environmental improvement over product supply chains through actions targeted at suppliers and consumers. Informed by scientific evidence on environmental hotspots and control points across 14 priority product groups, and a review of 25 major European retailers' actions, this paper proposes a framework to guide and assess retailer best practice in supply chain environmental improvement. Commonly used product standards and improvement measures are classified into "basic" or "good" levels of environmental protection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Microbiol Biotechnol
October 2011
Dezhou University, China.
Bacterial extracellular metalloproteases (BEMPs) are a large group of metal-containing proteases secreted by heterotrophic bacteria. In this review, the diversity, structural characteristics, mechanisms of maturation, physiological roles, and applications of BEMPs are described. BEMPs are distributed among nine families of metalloproteases because of differences in primary sequences and structural characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!