Lindquist and Sobel claim that the graphical causal models they call "agnostic" do not imply any counterfactual conditionals. They doubt that "causal effects" can be discovered using graphical causal models typical of SEMs, DCMs, Bayes nets, Granger causal models, etc. Each of these claims is false or exaggerated. They recommend instead that investigators adopt the "potential outcomes" framework. The potential outcomes framework is an obstacle rather than an aid to discovering causal relations in fMRI contexts.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.071 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Association of Year-to-Year Lipid Variability With Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.
Neurology
February 2025
School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Background And Objectives: Lipid metabolism in older adults is affected by various factors including biological aging, functional decline, reduced physiologic reserve, and nutrient intake. The dysregulation of lipid metabolism could adversely affect brain health. This study investigated the association between year-to-year intraindividual lipid variability and subsequent risk of cognitive decline and dementia in community-dwelling older adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContribution of Blood Biomarkers to Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis.
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
March 2025
Servei de Neurologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Background And Objectives: Invasive procedures may delay the diagnostic process in multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated the added value of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP), chitinase-3-like 1 (sCHI3L1), and the immune responses to the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear antigen 1 to current MS diagnostic criteria.
Methods: In this multicentric study, we selected patients from 2 prospective cohorts presenting a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).
The Southern Brazilian Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (SBR-AF Registry): Predictors of Atrial Arrhythmia Recurrence after First-Time Catheter Ablation.
Arq Bras Cardiol
January 2025
Serviço de Arritmia Cardíaca, Hospital SOS Cardio, Florianópolis, SC - Brasil.
Background: Treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) with catheter ablation (CA) has evolved significantly. However, real-world data on long-term outcomes are limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
Objective: This multicenter prospective cohort of consecutive patients aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of first-time CA for AF in Southern Brazil from 2009 to 2024.
[Alcohol consumption and incidence of abdominal obesity in participants of the ELSA-Brasil cohort after nine years of follow-up].
Cien Saude Colet
January 2025
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Vitória ES Brasil.
The scope of this article is to analyze the correlation between alcohol consumption and abdominal obesity in participants of the ELSA-Brasil cohort after a follow-up period of nine years. A longitudinal analysis was performed with baseline and follow-up data from ELSA-Brasil. At baseline, 15,105 civil servants were enrolled.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Clinical phenotype of abdominal obesity and dynapenia: Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil)].
Cad Saude Publica
January 2025
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil.
This study aims to examine the prevalence of abdominal obesity-dynapenia phenotype, identified by the presence of abdominal obesity and dynapenia, and understand its associated factors with a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Data were collected from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brasil) 2015-2016. Abdominal obesity was determined by a waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!