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Squamomelanocytic Tumor, An Entity Still Shrouded in Mystery: Case Report and Literature Review.

Dermatopathology (Basel)

January 2025

Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.

Cutaneous squamomelanocytic tumor (SMT) is a very rare cutaneous malignancy, composed of a dual phenotypic population of both malignant melanocytes and keratinocytes, intimately intermingled together. Herein, we report a new case of a SMT occurring in an 82-year-old man, located on the scalp. Histopathology revealed a mixed population consisting of squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma within the same lesion, also confirmed using immunohistochemical staining for high molecular-weight cytokeratins (HMWCKs) and Melan-A.

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The Diagnostic Utility of PRAME in Primary Cutaneous Dedifferentiated and Transdifferentiated Melanomas.

J Cutan Pathol

January 2025

Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dorevitch Pathology, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.

Melanomas show a wide spectrum of clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features, which can impact treatment and prognosis. Dedifferentiated and transdifferentiated melanomas (DTM) are defined as melanomas which have lost conventional melanocytic morphologic and immunohistochemical features, showing sarcomatous morphology and/or immunohistochemical staining of other cell lineages, and as such, can be mistaken for other entities such as collision tumors and undifferentiated spindle cell tumors. In this series, we highlight the utility of preferentially expressed antigen in melanomas (PRAME) in diagnosing undifferentiated/dedifferentiated melanomas.

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Article Synopsis
  • Collision tumors are rare skin lesions with multiple distinct cell types, presenting challenges for diagnosis and treatment in dermatology.
  • The case series reviews four unique instances, highlighting issues like unexpected findings during surgeries and diagnostic confusion between overlapping tumors.
  • The study also investigates how environmental factors like UV exposure and pollution may contribute to the occurrence of these tumors, aiming to foster interdisciplinary work to enhance patient care.
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Article Synopsis
  • * After removing the lesion, doctors found it contained features of both basal cell carcinoma and atypical fibroxanthoma.
  • * The final diagnosis confirmed the presence of both types of cancer in the lesion, marking it as a rare case of a cutaneous collision.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study analyzed the transition from normal skin cells to cancerous cells by examining epidermal keratinocytes, precancerous actinic keratoses, and squamous cell carcinomas.
  • It found that normal keratinocytes generally had lower mutation rates, but specific mutations increased these rates, potentially leading to skin cancer.
  • The research identified critical mutations and gene expression changes in the tumors, particularly focusing on the MAPK pathway and immune cell interactions, shedding light on the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
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