Safety signals observed in early-phase clinical trials can have profound implications for the development of new medical products. It is difficult to interpret the occurrence of safety signals in small clinical trials, where formal inferential procedures may be impractical. We advocate wider use of simple Bayesian methods to explore and understand safety signals from small clinical trials. We describe a new web-based application, BayesWeb.com, that makes such exploratory Bayesian methods accessible to subject-matter experts. We illustrate the use of this software with an example from a hypothetical phase I trial for a Factor VIII product for patients with hemophilia A.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10543406.2011.590924 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Division of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations frequently cause patient consultations in both out- and inpatient settings. Recent data suggest that only 40-60% of exacerbations are of bacterial origin and mandate antibiotic treatment. However, a reliable tool to justify prescribing antibiotics for COPD exacerbation is still lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosurg Rev
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
Recent technologic advancements have facilitated the use of hypofractionated Gamma Knife-based radiosurgery (HF-GKRS) to treat large lesions or those in eloquent areas. This study aimed to analyze the preliminary results of HF-GKRS for these meningiomas, and to determine its effectiveness and safety. This single-center retrospective study analyzed data of patients who underwent HF-GKRS for large meningiomas or those in eloquent areas with > 6 months of follow-up.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSignal Transduct Target Ther
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
The excessive cytokine release and limited persistence represent major challenges for chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in diverse tumors. Conventional CARs employ an intracellular domain (ICD) from the ζ subunit of CD3 as a signaling module, and it is largely unknown how alternative CD3 chains potentially contribute to CAR design. Here, we obtained a series of CAR-T cells against HER2 and mesothelin using a domain comprising a single immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif from different CD3 subunits as the ICD of CARs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFeNeuro
January 2025
Action Control Lab, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA.
Selectively stopping individual parts of planned or ongoing movements is an everyday motor skill. For example, while walking in public you may stop yourself from waving at a stranger who you mistook for a friend while continuing to walk. Despite its ubiquity, our ability to selectively stop actions is limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Methods Programs Biomed
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Purpose: Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) enables the differentiation of different materials. Additionally, DECT images consist of multiple scans of the same sample, revealing information similarity within the energy domain. To leverage this information similarity and address safety concerns related to excessive radiation exposure in DECT imaging, sparse view DECT imaging is proposed as a solution.
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