Null transmission ellipsometry was employed to study the temperature evolution of the helical structure of the smectic-C(α)* phase. Free-standing films with thickness ranging from 31 to more than 400 layers were prepared and studied. The experimental results show a reduced twisting power in thin films. A simple model was constructed to explain the results. Surface effects were found to be the key reason for this phenomenon. Our findings are consistent with the theoretical studies of helically ordered magnetic films.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.83.060702 | DOI Listing |
Bioinspir Biomim
January 2025
Aerospace Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea (the Republic of).
This paper describes the tailless control system design of a flapping-wing micro air vehicle in a four-winged configuration, which can provide high control authority to be stable and agile in flight conditions from hovering to maneuvering flights. The tailless control system consists of variable flapping frequency and wing twist modulation. The variable flapping frequency creates rolling moments through differential vertical force from flapping mechanisms that can be independently driven on the left and right sides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
January 2025
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
The low-frequency resistance fluctuations, or noise, in electrical resistance not only set a performance benchmark in devices but also form a sensitive tool to probe nontrivial electronic phases and band structures in solids. Here, we report the measurement of such noise in the electrical resistance in twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG), where the layers are misoriented close to the magic angle (θ ∼ 1°). At high temperatures ( ≳ 60-70 K), the power spectral density (PSD) of the fluctuation inside the low-energy moiré bands is predominantly ∝1/, where is the frequency, being generally lowest close to the magic angle, and can be well-explained within the conventional McWhorter model of the '1/ noise' with trap-assisted density-mobility fluctuations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Cells display a range of mechanical activities generated by motor proteins powered through catalysis. This raises the fundamental question of how the acceleration of a chemical reaction can enable the energy released from that reaction to be transduced (and, consequently, work to be done) by a molecular catalyst. Here we demonstrate the molecular-level transduction of chemical energy to mechanical force in the form of the powered contraction and powered re-expansion of a cross-linked polymer gel driven by the directional rotation of artificial catalysis-driven molecular motors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
In this paper, a dual-parameter liquid level and refractive index (R.I.) sensor is fabricated using three pieces of bare polymer optical fibers (POFs), which can independently and simultaneously sense the liquid level and R.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2024
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Hydrogen-based electric vehicles such as Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCHEVs) play an important role in producing zero carbon emissions and in reducing the pressure from the fuel economy crisis, simultaneously. This paper aims to address the energy management design for various performance metrics, such as power tracking and system accuracy, fuel cell lifetime, battery lifetime, and reduction of transient and peak current on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and Li-ion batteries. The proposed algorithm includes a combination of reinforcement learning algorithms in low-level control loops and high-level supervisory control based on fuzzy logic load sharing, which is implemented in the system under consideration.
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