Normal hemoglobin at the age of 1 year does not protect infants from developing iron deficiency anemia in the second year of life.

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol

Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.

Published: August 2011

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common hematologic disorder worldwide. Measures to prevent IDA in infants have been successful with questionable sustainability.

Aim: To evaluate the incidence of developing IDA in the second year of life, in infants who were nonanemic at the age of 1 year on routine blood test.

Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 193, 24-month-old toddlers, from 2 large clinics of both main sectors in Southern Israel, comparable for lower economic status. IDA was defined as hemoglobin < 11 gr% and microcytosis as mean corpuscular volume < 70 fL.

Results: IDA was detected in 8 of 118 Bedouins (5 males) and in 10 of 75 Jewish (6 males) infants (P < 0.01). The probability of a nonanemic child to develop IDA in the second year of life for the whole study population was 9.3% (18 of 193 infants) and significantly higher in the Jewish population (13.3.0% vs. 6.8%, P < 0.01).

Conclusions: Given the difficulty of toddlers to maintain a non-IDA status, and the very low probability of iron overload, our results clearly support the need to continue iron supplementation into the second year.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPH.0b013e31821c629fDOI Listing

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