Photoelectrochemical polymerization of thiophene on self-assembled RuL2(NCS)2/di(3-aminopropyl)viologen on indium thin oxide.

Polythiophene layers were formed on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)/indium tin oxide (ITO) using photoelectrochemical polymerization. The SAMs on ITO was prepared using Ru(4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine)2(NCS)2 and di(3-aminopropyl)viologen. The photoelectrochemically polymerized polythiophene layers on SAMs/ITO were characterized using UV-vis. absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The polymer layers have thickness of 360 nm, a dense surface morphology, optical gap of 2.38 eV, highest occupied molecular orbital of -5.2 eV and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of -2.82 eV. In photoelectrochemical cells, the polythiophene on SAMs/ITO electrode showed a photocurrent of 5 microA/cm2.