With the rapid growth of the elderly population in the world, the incident number of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is also increasing year by year. AD has become "the third biggest killer" to human health besides cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancers. The diagnosis and treatment of diseases are of equally significance. Generally, the diagnosis of AD relies upon the typical clinical features, neuroimaging techniques, and the detection of disease-related biomarkers. In recent years, proteomics and mass spectrometry technology have developed rapidly, which can be used to find specific disease-related proteins as biomarkers for early diagnosis. This review focused on the proteomics-based screening of diagnostic biomarkers and the mass spectrometry-based chromatographic technologies applied in the diagnosis of AD. 34 references are reviewed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1123.2011.00293 | DOI Listing |
Mol Biol Rep
January 2025
Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.
Background: Tubular injury triggered by hyperglycemia is an important pathological characteristic in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Accumulated advanced glycation end products and their precursor methylglyoxal (MGO), contribute to the development of DN. Carnosine has been shown to prevent the development of DN but the underlying mechanism still needs to be studied in depth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Background: Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates, are one of the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The burden of NFTs correlates with cognitive decline, and in vivo detection of NFT may help predict the clinical progression of AD. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of brain regions affected by NFTs holds the potential to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying tau pathogenesis and uncover novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
Background: Knowledge of the chemical composition of amyloid plaques and tau tangles at the earlier stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is sparse. This is due to limited access to human brain during life and at the earlier stages of AD pathophysiology and technical limitations in quantifying amyloid and tau species at a subcellular level. Understanding the chemical composition of plaques and tangles, how rapidly they grow and what factors drive growth is important for developing and refining therapeutics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlia
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Neurological diseases are associated with disruptions in the brain lipidome that are becoming central to disease pathogenesis. Traditionally perceived as static structural support in membranes, lipids are now known to be actively involved in cellular signaling, energy metabolism, and other cellular activities involving membrane curvature, fluidity, fusion or fission. Glia are critical in the development, health, and function of the brain, and glial regulation plays a major role in disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic loci that robustly associate with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), many of which are preferentially or exclusively expressed in innate immune cells. Among the identified AD risk genes is CD33: a transmembrane, sialic acid-binding protein expressed on the surface of myeloid cells including microglia, the innate immune cells of the CNS. The function of microglia is highly responsive to and regulated by metabolic changes, which allows them to rapidly change phenotype and maintain brain health.
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