Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain.
Published: October 2011
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
In the past few years, advances in microscopy and quantitative image analysis have lead to a completely new understanding of the processes underlying the cell shape changes and cell rearrangements that drive tissue morphogenesis. In a handful of tissues so far, though the number will surely increase rapidly, it has been shown that cell behaviour is not continuous but proceeds in pulses driven by the contractile activity of dynamic cortical actomyosin networks. The patterns and dynamics of temporary subcellular contractile foci, driven by local increases in actin and myosin, are remarkably similar in disparate tissues. Cells in all tissues display a similar range of intervals between contractions, with increasing frequencies associated with stronger tissue morphogenesis. Contractile foci appear to flow within cells with speeds that are consistent across tissues. We highlight the difference between contractile tension and stiffness, the latter being a requirement for any ratchet mechanism that stabilises contraction to produce effective tissue morphogenesis. At least two different types of ratchet mechanism are discussed, with the stiffness conferred either by a more stable actomyosin population at cell-cell junctions or through cortical actomyosin forming a quasi-stable supra-cellular network. Pulsatile contractions, polarized cell organization and various stiffening ratchet mechanisms combine to provide a rich variety of options for robust epithelial tissue remodelling.
The neural crest (NC) is an embryonic cell population with high migratory capacity. It contributes to forming several organs and tissues, such as the craniofacial skeleton and the peripheral nervous system of vertebrates. Both pre-migratory and post-migratory NC cells are plastic, adopting multiple differentiation paths by responding to different inductive environmental signals.
Background And Objectives: Friedreich's Ataxia (FRDA) is a genetic disease that affects a variety of different tissues. The disease is caused by a mutation in the gene ( which is important for the synthesis of iron-sulfur clusters. The primary pathologies of FRDA are loss of motor control and cardiomyopathy.
National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China. Electronic address:
Gossypium spp. pigment glands are a good model for studying plant secretory cavity structures. GoPGF (GOSSYPIUM PIGMENT GLAND FORMATION) is a well-characterized master transcription factor that controls gland formation in cotton; however, little is known about its transcriptional regulation.
Imbalances in gut microbiota and their metabolites have been implicated in osteoporotic disorders. Trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of L-carnitine produced by gut microorganisms and flavin-containing monooxygenase-3, is known to accelerate tissue metabolism and remodeling; however, its role in bone loss remained unexplored. This study investigates the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis, TMAO production, and osteoporosis development.
Lacking of suitable fish muscle stem cell line has greatly hindered the fabrication of cell-cultured fish meat. Here, we established and characterized a spontaneously immortalized marine fish muscle stem cell line (EfMS) from brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus), which could actively proliferate with good genetic stability and well maintain the stemness of myogenesis potential for over 50 passages. Taurine was found to be able to serve as a substitute of fish muscle extract in maintaining stemness.
