α-crystallin is the predominant structural protein in the lens. It is a member of small heat shock proteins (sHsps) and has the common functions of sHsps. α-crystallin also plays important roles in the protection of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Studying the protection mechanism significantly contributes to the theory and therapy of optic nerve injury. This review is focused on biological characteristics and functions of α-crystallin and the protection mechanism of α-crystallin towards RGCs.
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